Eu égard à la nécessité de fédérer les ressources face aux multiples défis du secteur pharmaceutique, de nombreuses initiatives ont été prises par l’UEMOA à partir des années 2000 en vue d’optimiser la réglementation du secteur pharmaceutique de l’Union. Le règlement n°02/2005/CM/UEMOA demeure le texte fondateur de la réglementation pharmaceutique de l’espace UEMOA. Sa mise en œuvre s’est faite par l’adoption d’autres textes communautaires relatifs notamment aux produits pharmaceutiques, mais aussi à la profession et à l’activité pharmaceutique. A côté de la réglementation communautaire UEMOA concernant le médicament vétérinaire, les initiatives d’harmonisation de la réglementation pharmaceutique au sein de l’UEMOA concernant les produits pharmaceutiques à usage humain ont eu un impact significatif dans les pays membres, et sont de nature à favoriser une meilleure protection de la santé publique. En prenant appui sur la documentation disponible, notamment les textes réglementaires applicables au secteur pharmaceutique de l’espace UEMOA, cet article décrit le processus de mise en place de cette réglementation communautaire et sa portée.

The pharmaceutical sector is governed in Niger by a number of scattered texts. After the independence, it was only in 1988 that the National Council of the Order of Medical doctors, Pharmacists and Dentists (CNO/MPCD) got created, then in 1995, the adoption of the national pharmaceutical policy (NPP). The NPP laid the foundations for the development of specific pharmacy and drug legislation and led to the adoption of the law and its subsequent implementing texts. This article aims to make an inventory, an analysis of texts relating to pharmacy and medicine in Niger, areas for improvement with regards to the application of these texts and the contributions of community texts in strengthening national regulations and the preservation of public health.

The worsening of the phenomenon of the circulation of spurious, falsely-labelled, falsified or counterfeit product (SFFC) in the world has prompted several African countries to take part in a number of international initiatives and to develop national strategies. Although often unknown to the general public, in Togo, there are institutions and bodies in charge of regulation, and a legal framework for the control and monitoring of the drug market. The law n°2009-007 of May 15, 2009 on the public health code and the law n°2015-10 of November 24, 2015 on the penal code are the main legal instruments that allow, in addition to the international conventions to which Togo is a party, to define the legal framework, the qualification of the offences and the sanctions applicable in the context of such offences. While the definitions and sanctions imposed may be diverse, the penal code remains the most specific text incriminating offenses in the context of PMQIF.

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, 600,000 cases of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) have been reported worldwide, including 490,000 cases of multidrug-resistant TB. Thus, through the present study, we proposed to evaluate the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampicin in the regional hospital of Maradi. Methods: Our study involved 887 sputum samples that were GeneXpert tested from January 2016 to December 2020. These data were collected from the laboratory records of the Maradi Regional Hospital and analyzed with SPSS and Excel 2013 software. Results: In total, more than half of the patients were male, i.e., a sex ratio of 3.03. The average age was 41 years. The rate of detection of M. tuberculosis by GeneXpert was 42% and the frequency of resistance to rifampicin was 20%. However, treatment failure and relapse were associated with this monoresistance in 53.95% and 30.26% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: The present study shows a fairly high prevalence of rifampicin resistance in the Maradi region, corresponding to twice the WHO threshold. The vast majority of these cases presented either a therapeutic failure or a relapse. Urgent and effective actions must be taken to significantly reduce the rates of treatment failure and relapse to decrease the rate of monoresistance and thus avoid the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains.