Stiff thermosensitive hydrogels (HG) were synthesized by self-crosslinking free radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), adjusting the degree of swelling by carboxylate-containing sodium acrylate (NaAc) or a 2-oxazoline macromonomer (MM). The formation of hydrogels was possible due to the self-crosslinking property of DMAA when polymerized with peroxodisulfate initiator type. The MM was synthetized by the ring-opening cationic polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline (MeOxa) and methyl-3-(oxazol-2-yl)-propionate (EsterOxa), and contained a polymerizable styryl endgroup. After ester hydrolysis of EsterOxa units, a carboxylate-containing MM was obtained. The structure of the hydrogels was confirmed by 1H high-resolution (HR)-MAS NMR spectroscopy. Suitable conditions and compositions of the comonomers have been found, which allowed efficient self-crosslinking as well as a thermoresponsive swelling in water. Incorporation of both the polar comonomer and the macromonomer, in small amounts furthermore allowed the adjustment of the degree of swelling. However, the macromonomer was better suited to retain the thermoresponsive behavior of the poly (NIPAAm) due to a phase separation of the tangling polyoxazoline side chains. Thermogravimetric analysis determined that the hydrogels were stable up to ~ 350 °C, and dynamic mechanical analysis characterized a viscoelastic behavior of the hydrogels, properties that are required, for example, for possible use as an actuator material.
En el presente estudio, se prepararon nuevos biosorbentes basados en compósitos de magnetita (Fe3 O4 ), hidroxiapatita (HAp) y nanotubos de carbono de pared múltiple (MWCNT). Los materiales preparados fueron caracterizados mediante técnicas de dispersión dinámica de luz (DLS) espectroscopía infrarroja (FTIR), microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), magnetometría de muestra vibrante (VSM), espectroscopía Raman y voltamperometría de onda cuadrada. La magnetita sintetizada presentó un comportamiento ferromagnético. La HAp tuvo menor tamaño mediante la síntesis hidrotermal. Además, se evaluó el posible uso del compósito que involucraba a los tres materiales de partida (Fe3 O4 /MWCNT/HAp) en la remoción de un metal pesado como As(V) en solución acuosa, teniendo en cuenta la influencia de factores como pH, masa de adsorbente y tiempo de contacto. Se obtuvo los valores máximos de porcentaje de remoción de este metal (mayor a 85 %) a condiciones de pH 6, dosis de adsorbente de 0,5 g L-1 y un tiempo de contacto de 2 h.
En este estudio se evaluó el uso de perlas de quitosano magnetizadas en la remoción de colorantes azoicos de la industria textil y alimentarias (Rojo Allura) tomando en cuenta factores como el pH, concentración del colorante y cantidad de perlas magnetizadas. Para la obtención de las perlas se utilizó quitosano al 2 %, glutaraldehido y magnetita (previamente sintetizada mediante un proceso de hidrólisis oxidativa), posteriormente se caracterizaron las perlas y la magnetita mediante espectroscopía infrarroja y microscopía electrónica de barrido.
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