City branding is carried out to develop cities, attract tourism, introduce the city's wealth, and improve the community's quality of life. Various ways are done to show the uniqueness and distinctiveness that is owned. Some city branding efforts are seasonal, in vain, fail, and must be clarified for the public. This study aims to analyze the dimensions of city branding, strategies to build city branding, and obstacles and solutions in building city branding. This research is a critical literature review reviewing 35 articles from 2017 to 2023 and focusing on the progress of research on city branding. The formulation and findings of this study are the dimensions of city branding, namely tourist attraction, security and public services, and public policy and government coordination with the community. The city branding strategy can be carried out in five ways: introducing cultural diversity, culinary diversity, natural wealth, improving public services and security, and promoting and building a mascot. The obstacles to city branding are the need for coordination between the government and the community, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and unclear concepts related to the city branding used. The implications of this research indicate that city branding efforts must be integrated between government policies and community participation. Full involvement of the government and good cooperation with community members and Small and Medium Enterprise (creative community groups) is recommended to be one of the efforts to build city branding in various cities and is also recommended for city branding program plans.

Pancasila and Citizenship Education can be considered as a way to improve citizens’ opinions. This research is a critical literature review of 40 articles from 2017 to 2022 and focuses on research progress on freedom of expression. The formulation and findings of this study indicated that the practice of freedom of expression in Indonesia has been regulated by law, but in some aspects, it is subject to restrictions. People are often act uncontrollably and abuse their freedom of speech. The impact of the existence of freedom of expression is that people can express themselves but must remain in the corridor of respecting the rights of others and actively participate in providing constructive suggestions for the state. Thus, this study concludes that freedom of expression must be balanced with good delivery procedures, citizenship and civility in expressing opinions is a cultural challenge that must be resolved to build healthy freedom of speech. Citizens’ civility for opinion and expression is recommended as one of the crucial issues that should be discussed and developed in Pancasila and Citizenship Education and as well as for inclusive education program.