The short-video platform, TikTok is a popular social media platform in which it has exceeded Facebook as the most downloaded application internationally. It is worthy of comparison to other social media platforms such as Twitter, Twitch, Instagram and many more. Despite the fact that many relevant studies indicated the positive effects of employing social media in language learning and teaching, only an insubstantial amount of research was focused on the exploitation of TikTok for educational purposes in terms of language skills. On top of that, this also seems relatively appropriate to tackle the underlying issue of pupils losing the opportunity to engage in peer-to-peer conversations especially during English as a Second Language (ESL) lessons due to the Covid-19 pandemic restrictions. Hence, the researchers aimed to determine how Duet Challenge on TikTok could improve ESL learners' conversation skills. This study utilised a quasi-experimental research method to develop a learning activity through the manipulation of the Duet Challenge on TikTok and the data was gathered through pre-test and post-test. A total number of 30 primary school students in three different states participated in this study. The findings disclosed that there was an improvement in the pupils' conversation skills after participating in the Duet Challenge. Further research is encouraged to validate the findings of this study by involving more participants as well as actively incorporating the TikTok application in ESL learning. It is also hoped that this research will inspire teachers to explore the benefits of social media in the teaching and learning of English.

There has been a gradual shift over the years towards the use of social networking sites (SNS) in formal and informal English language learning which was accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though there is an abundance of articles dedicated to probing into the in-depth use of SNS in English language learning, a clear correlation between the formal and informal application of SNS in English language learning is still scarce. Therefore, this systematic review aims to exhaustively analyse the recent findings regarding the integration of SNS in English language learning in both formal and informal learning contexts. Two databases were employed, which are the Web of Science (WoS) and Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC) and thirty articles were extracted for further review. These articles were selectively restricted to a five-year (2018–2022) range and have been screened for any contradiction against the research objectives. As an overview, SNS is favoured for different kinds of applications in teaching and learning purposes due to observed improvements in overall language skills, social interactions, motivation and flexibility. It is proposed for future researchers to focus on a specific target group as well as specific SNS platforms which could help the researchers to minimize discrepancies.

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