The aim of this research was to determine the physicochemical properties of duck bone gelatin which was extracted by using acid method. The experiment was a completely non factorial randomized design (CDR)with three treatments and three replications. The treatment were (P1) with the concentration of HCl 2.5%, (P2) with the concentration of HCl 5%, and (P3) with the concentration of HCl 7.5%. The result showed that yields of each treatment were 4.97%, 6.24%, and 6.11%. pH of gelatin was 4.76, 4.0, and 3.56. Water contents of gelatin in each treatment were 9.01%, 13.43%, and 13.84%. Ash contents in each treatment were 27.02%, 3.42%, and 20.3%. Fat contents were 6.5%, 6.74%, and 5.77%. Protein contents were 51.67%, 65.43%, and 59.05%. While carbohydrate contents were 5.80%, 0.98%, and 1.04% in each treatment.Generally, the difference of acid solution concentration was not significant (P>0.05) on physicochemical properties of duck bone gelatin except ash content. P2 treatment gave the best physicochemical properties so that its color degree and functional group was analyzed. Color degree assays gave result L=30.35, a=-0.46, dan b=3.51. Functional group analysis showed that duck bone gelatin had chemical shift on Amide A, B, I, II, and III. The conclusion was the extraction of duck bone gelatin by using 5% acid solution had physicochemical properties which wasappropriate with SNI and similar with commercial gelatin.

Bahasa Arab telah ditetapkan sebagai salah satu bahasa resmi di Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB) sejak tahun 1973. Kemudian mulai tahun 1979 kedudukan bahasa Arab disejajarkan dengan bahasa-bahasa internasional lainnya. Sebagai bahasa internasional, bahasa Arab perlu dikuasai secara aktif sebagai alat komunikasi. Bagi negara-negara Arab hal itu tentu tidak menjadi masalah karena bahasa Arab telah menjadi bahasa sehari-hari mereka. Di Indonesia, kebanyakan lembaga pendidikan yang mengajarkan bahasa Arab lebih menekankan fungsi bahasa ini sebagai lugat ad-dīn daripada fungsinya sebagai lugat al-mu'āsyarah. Tersebarnya bahasa Arab di berbagai kawasan non Arab menuntut adanya kebutuhan mempelajari bahasa ini sebagai bahasa kedua atau bahasa asing. Di antara motivasi  mereka dalam mempelajari bahasa Arab adalah: (1) motivasi agama (Islam), (2) motivasi  kunjungan ke Jazirah Arab, (3) motivasi kajian literatur Arab. Di Indonesia pada umumya dikenal 4 sistem pembelajaran bahasa Arab (dengan tujuan dan motif yang berbeda), yaitu: (1) Sistem Pengajian (Niẓām Majlisī), (2) Sistem Pesantren Tradisional (Niẓām al-Ma`had at-Taqlīdī), (3) Sistem Pesantren modern (Niẓām al-Ma`had at-Hadīṡ), dan (4) Sistem Madrasah (Niẓām Madrasī). Di antara problem umum pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Indonesia adalah tidak digunakannya bahasa Arab sebagai alat komunikasi sehari-hari. Bahasa Arab lebih dominan dipelajari untuk mencapai kemampuan pasif dan kemahiran reseptif, bukan kemampuan aktif dan kemahiran produktif. Inilah problem mendasar yang perlu dikaji untuk menemukan alternatif solusinya. Di antara solusi utama untuk mengatasi problem tersebut adalah diciptakannya lingkungan bahasa (bī'ah lugawiyyah). Penciptaan lingkungan bahasa inilah yang kemudian mengilhami sistem baru dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab, yakni Sistem Kursusan (Niẓām ad-Daurī)

Pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro adalah salah satu sumber energi listrik terbarukan saat ini dengan memanfaatkan tenaga air berskala kecil untuk penggeraknya. PLTMH pada umumnya memiliki ruang kontrol yang berada jauh dengan sistemnya, sehingga dibutuhkan suatu sistem monitoring. Penggunaan sistem monitoring berbasis nirkabel menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan proses pengiriman informasi yang cepat dan mudah. Penelitian ini merancang suatu model routing data dengan perancangan hardware dan software pada komunikasi data. Sistem dibangun menggunakan mikrokontroller arduino dan komunikasi frekuensi Xbee dengan protocol zigbee. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan berbagai macam topologi yaitu topologi pair, star, mesh, tree, dan x dalam model routing data baik dalam lingkungan indoor maupun lingkungan outdoor. Hasil yang didapat berdasarkan pengujian pada lingkungan indoor menunjukan Xbee tetap dapat mengirim dalam ruangan yang memiliki penghalang dengan jarak 21m, sedangkan pada pengujian outdoor, Xbee dapat tetap mengirim dengan jarak maksimum 120.5m menggunakan model topologi x. Berdasarkan semua pemodelan yang telah dilakukan, topologi x merupakan model yang dianggap paling berhasil walaupun memiliki kelemahan dalam tingkat kerapihan penerimaan data namun dari tingkat keamanannya ketika terjadi masalah dengan salah satu node, topologi x masih memiliki jalur lain untuk dapat mengirimkan data ke penerima. Micro hydropower plant is one of the current renewable electrical energy by making use of small-scale water power for propulsion. MHPP generally has a control room that was away with the system, so we need a monitoring system. The use of wireless-based monitoring systems into one solution to overcome these problems with the delivery process information quickly and easily. Therefore, we designed a model of routing data by designing hardware and software in data communication comprising Arduino microcontroller and Xbee frequency communication with ZigBee protocol. Testing is done by using a variety of topologies, namely topology pair, star, mesh, tree, and x in the model routing of data in both the indoor and outdoor environment. The results obtained by testing the indoor environment is Xbee can still send in a room that had a barrier at a distance of 21m, while the outdoor testing Xbee can still send more than the maximum distance delivery Xbee 70.5m in research that is by using the model topology x. Based on all the modeling that has been done, topology x is the model that is considered the most successful even though it has weaknesses in the level of data reception tidiness. But the level of security has the advantage that when there is a problem with one of the nodes, the x topology still has another path to be able to send data to the receiver.

This study aims to find out the concept of the word Fasa>d in the Qur'an and the development of its meaning. The approach used is the semantic approach of the Qur'an proposed by Toshihiko Izutsu. The data sources of this research are the verses of the Qur'an which use the word fasa>d and its derivations as well as the verses of the Qur'an which have a similar meaning to the word fasa>d. The steps taken by the researcher in collecting data are as follows: First, collecting the verses of the Qur'an that contain the word fasa>d. Second, classifying verses. Third, analyze the word fasa>d using focus word techniques, keywords, basic meanings, and relational meanings, synchronic and diachronic meanings, semantic fields, and weltanschauung, Fourth, draw messages from the Qur'an. Fifth, drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the word fasa>d with its various derivations is repeated 50 times in the Qur'an. Syntagmatically It means disobedience, destruction, drought/ withholding of rain, murder, corruption, and sorcerers, while paradigmatically, fasa>d has similarities with the words Syarr, Halaka or ahlaka , 'As\a>, Bat{ala , Sa>'a and Z}alama . Words that are opposite to the word fasa>d are As}laha, Ah}sana, Khair and, al-h}aqqu. This study also shows that even though the word fasa>d has experienced a development or expansion of meaning, it still refers to a single meaning, namely deviating from the path and containing a negative meaning.

This study discusses learning Arabic, especially maharah qira’ah using the jigsaw learning model. The purpose of this study is to determine the learning process and result from the use of the jigsaw learning model in the maha>rah qira>’ah learning of class X MA NU Darul Islah Wonosobo student of the 2021/2022 school year. This research is a type of field research using a quantitative approach carried out at MA NU Darul Islah Wonosobo, with the type of experimental research, the research design uses quasi-experimental design, namely the existence of experimental classes and control classes. The method of data collection is carried out by methods of observation, interviews, documentation, and tests. The results of this study showed that: there was an increase in maharah qira’ah students of class X experiments being proven by a test gain of 0.466 with a moderate category. Then there is the difference in maharah qira’ah between classes that use the jigsaw learning model and those that do not use the jigsaw learning model with the calculation of data analysis obtained by researchers, namely 4.53. And the significance level of 5% and DK = (25+25)-2 = 48 obtained 2.01, and the level of significance of 1% obtained of 2.68. This result shows the value of the. Thus rejected and accepted. So there is a contrast between classes that utilize the jigsaw learning model and classes that don’t utilize the jigsaw learning model.