Background and aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, variations in leukocytes and leukocyte subtypes, and the relationship between N/L ratio and insulin resistance (IR) in obesity. Materials and Methods: Ninety six patients and 40 healthy controls were included in this study. Patients’ blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and hemogram parameters upon 8 hours of fasting were determined. Body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were calculated. Results: Neutrophil numbers were found to be higher among IR obese patients than among non-IR obese patients. The N/L ratio was, moreover, found to be higher among IR obese patients, when compared to non IR obese. A positive correlation was found between insulin resistance and both neutrophil and WBC counts. Another positive correlation was also found between insulin levels and the N/L ratio, WBC, and neutrophil counts. Discussion: In our study, leukocyte numbers and subtypes were determined to be higher among obese individuals than among healthy individuals. The N/L ratio had increased significantly only among obese patients who have insulin resistance. Further studies are needed in order to better demonstrate the relationship between the N/L ratio and insulin resistance/inflammation. Key Words: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Obesity, Insulin Resistance

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Aim: Diabetic retinopathy is a chronic progressive complication with neuronal cell and retinal microvascular involvement and is closely associated with blood sugar and blood pressure levels. Studies have shown that retinal neural dysfunction takes place before the microvascular changes in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to compare the retinal microvascular changes of patients who are at the prediabetes stage and healthy volunteers. Method: Our study included 41 patients with prediabetes who were referred to the internal medicine outpatient clinic and 47 healthy volunteers. All patients underwent ophthalmologic examinations, including best visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp examination, and dilated fundus examination. Refractive error measurements were performed with the same automatic refractor-keratometer device. Typically, 3 × 3 mm macular images centered on foveola were obtained by using XR Avanti Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography with AngioVue (RTVue XR AVANTI, Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA) device. In the statistical analysis of the measurements, it was examined by Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Conditions expressed as IFG or IGT are considered as prediabetes; IFG is defined as fasting blood sugar to be between 100 and 125 mg/dL, while IGT is the condition in which the second hour value of the oral glucose tolerance test is 140–199 mg/dL. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the control and pre-DM groups in terms of mean age. The distribution of males and females between groups was statistically similar (P = 0.087). In the pre-DM group, 24 (58.6%) patients had IFG, 16 (39.0%) had IFG + IGT, and 1 (2.4%) had IGT. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for the nonflow area (NFA) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (P > 0.05). The mean values of superficial and deep capillary plexus (DCP) density were not statistically significant differences between the groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the control group and pre-DM group in terms of the mean measurements of clinical ocular findings (P > 0.05). Retinal thicknesses were also not statistically significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: All of the retinal measurements of both patients with prediabetes and healthy volunteers are similar. We did not find any difference between prediabetes and control groups. The ophthalmologic examinations which contain best-visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp examination, and dilated fundus examination are similar.

Higher NLR levels were found in microalbuminuric patients with normal eGFR. Also a significant positive correlation was observed between albuminuria and NLR.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether Monocyte-to-HDL ratio (MHR) had an association with albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: Diabetic patients, who had admitted to the outpatient clinic of general internal disease department between September 2017 - February 2018 and had their spot urinary albumin/creatinine ratio measured, were examined retrospectively. Patients were separated based on the presence of DN. Patients with DN were grouped as Stage-I, Stage-II and Stage-III chronic kidney disease (CKD). Groups were compared in terms of MHR. The presence of a correlation between MHR and albuminuria was investigated. Results: MHR was found to be higher in the DN (n=85) group compared to Non- DN group. (16.2±5.5 vs. 14.3±4, p=0.037) And there was no significant difference in Stage-I, Stage-II and Stage-III CKD groups in terms of MHR. (15.2± 3.4, 16.1±6.0, 17.1±6.0, p=0.485). No significant correlation was found between MHR and albuminuria in DN and non-DN groups (p=0.634, r=0.052; p=0.553, r=-0.059). Conclusions: DN group had higher MHR than non-nephropathy group, whereas, there was no correlation between albuminuria and MHR. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3882 How to cite this:Efe FK. The association between monocyte HDL ratio and albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3882 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.