This work provides an opportunity to analyze the relationship between the informal economy and economic growth, the methodology used is inspired by the work of Friedrich schneider (2018). To this end, we empirically address this point using an econometric model over the period 1996-2015. From the model prediction, we find the existence of a negative causal effect of the Shadow economy on economic growth. Our results state that the simultaneous effect of the Shadow economy and the rule of law variables and regulatory quality are negative. The size of the informal sector depends positively on tax law indicators and government policies and regulations, and an increase in the size of the informal sector is detrimental to growth.
Ce travail a pour objet d’analyser la relation entre la qualité des institutions et l’innovation. Les études empiriques disponibles ont analysé cette relation pour le cas des firmes. Par rapport à ces études, nous estimons cinq modèles de panel dynamique par la Méthode des Moments Généralisés pour un échantillon de 53 pays (composé de 17 pays développés et 36 pays en développement et émergents) observés sur la période 1996-2013. L’accent est mis sur trois variables institutionnelles à savoir : le contrôle de la corruption, l’efficacité des pouvoirs publics et la qualité de la réglementation et sur deux indicateurs synthétiques institutionnels. Les résultats des estimations indiquent que l’intensification de la lutte contre la corruption favorise l’innovation. De plus, l’innovation est stimulée par un environnement institutionnel caractérisé par une intervention efficace du gouvernement dans l’économie et par la mise en place des politiques saines et des réglementations solides. Codes JEL : O31, O5, O17, H1, K
We investigate the differences of efficiency in health system between Tunisian governorates over the period 2010-2015 and examine how socioeconomic factors influence the regional distribution of the efficiency scores. The parametric stochastic frontier approach with fixed effects is employed to cacultate Tunisian governorate-level health efficiency scores. Spatial analysis tools are used to determine the spatial pattern of the efficiency scores and spatial econometric model are used to examine the impact of the socioeconomic and demographic factors on health efficiency. Our results show that education affects positively the efficiency of health system not only in region itself but also its neighbouring regions .However, the effects of unemployement are negative.
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