Faced with the increasing number of challenges that came with globalization, the developed countries have become aware of the insufficiency of traditional production systems and increased investments in technological developments in the production sector. With successive technological developments, the competition in the production sector has increased, and businesses have had to undergo major changes. It was aimed with these changes to respond quickly to dynamic market conditions and customer demands. The project, which was firstly introduced by Germany as Industry 4.0, affects enterprises both technically and socially. Employees have to adapt to digitalized production systems and keep up with technological developments. In a world where inter-business and inter-disciplinary studies and collaborations increase and operations are carried out on a project basis, project managers are obliged to adapt quickly to the continuing digital transformation. In this context, the chapter aimed to identify the impact of digital transformation on project managers' competencies.

The growing amount of data and the inventive solutions that arise from it create opportunities to construct and manage smart sustainable cities. Before attempting to establish appropriate solutions in this regard, it is crucial to clearly grasp what smart and sustainable cities are and the aspects around which they are built. The purpose of this study is to critically analyze and evaluate the studies that have been conducted on smart and/or sustainable cities and to provide a basis for the measurement of smartness and sustainability of cities. In this context, using Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology, the smart city, sustainable city, and smart sustainable city concepts are firstly defined. After that, the indicators for the assessment of the smartness and sustainability of cities and the selection processes of these indicators are analyzed. According to the analysis, the studies were grouped based on the use of (i) selection criteria, (ii) selection methods/tools, and (iii) models used and 14 criteria were deduced from the literature for the evaluation of performance assessment indicators: measurability, availability, completeness, relevance, independence, reliability, currency, responsiveness, simplicity, representativeness, cost‐effectiveness, consistency, comparability, and consensus. This study aims to support other studies and applications of authorities on creating and assessing a smart and sustainable city (i.e., the indicators) that want to join the 2030 Agenda but face problems regarding their cities' specific conditions. The first step towards creating a smart sustainable city can be taken by determining the most suitable indicators for the city.

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