Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many studies have been conducted to develop definitive therapeutic agents for this viral disease. The in-silico method has become the best solution for the initial step in discovering potential antiviral compounds. Several phytocompounds from a medicinal plant, Andrographis paniculata, were reported to have activity inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The present systematic review aims to determine the potency of A. paniculata compounds against COVID-19. We undertook a systematic search in two databases, PubMed and Google Scholar, and included original articles that applied in-silico methods for phytocompounds of A. paniculata in COVID-19. Twenty-nine original articles were included in the systematic review. We report that 50 of the 107 A. paniculata phytocompounds (46.73%) were against SARS-CoV-2. We found that five protein targets of SARS-CoV-2 are highly conserved structures mostly used in the articles, which are main protease, papain-like protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Nsp15, and spike protein. Six A. paniculata phytocompounds have an inhibition activity of those five protein targets including andrographolide, neoandrographolide, isoandrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, and andrographidin C as main diterpenoid compounds. Based on the literature evidence, some of the A. paniculata phytocompounds could be potential antiviral agents due to their strong binding affinities and stable conformations toward SARS-CoV-2 proteins.

Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith rhizome has been used traditionally as an herbal medicine in Indonesia. Isolated extracts and metabolites of Z. zerumbet have shown anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, analgesic and antiviral activity. The form of suspension is carried out to facilitate the utilization of the main bioactive content, zerumbone, which is difficult to dissolve in water. The formulation of suspension is based on variations in the concentration of Z. zerumbet extract, which is 2.5% (formulation 1), 5% (formulation 2), and 10% (formulation 3). To determine the physical stability, the evaluation is carried out, namely: organoleptic test, density, viscosity, redispersibility and pH. The results showed all three formulations did not provide organoleptic changes for 30 days, >1 g/cm3 density, good redispersibility, and pH of 6. The viscosity of each formulation is quite varied i.e., 3.74 cp; 4,27 cp; and 11.8 cp. Formulation 3 is determined as the best formulation based on its viscosity which is closest to the standard range of good suspension viscosity according to the SNI.