No abstract

Despite the recent advancement of treatment strategies, cancer ranks 2nd among the causes of death globally. Phytochemicals have gained popularity as an alternate therapeutic strategy due to their nontoxic nature. Here, we have investigated the anticancer properties of guttiferone BL (GBL) along with four known compounds previously isolated from Allanblackia gabonensis. The cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The study was extended for the assessment of the effect of GBL in PA-1 cells apoptosis induction, cell cycle distribution, and change in mitochondrial membrane potential using flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, and real-time PCR. Among the five tested compounds, GBL displayed significant antiproliferative effects against all tested human cancer cells ( I C 50 < 10 μ M ). Moreover, GBL exhibited no significant cytotoxicity towards normal ovarian epithelial cell line (IOSE 364) up to 50 μM. GBL induced sub-G0 cell cycle arrest and significant upregulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins of ovarian cancer cell PA-1. Furthermore, GBL induced its apoptosis as depicted by the accumulation of cells both at the early and late apoptotic phase in Annexin V/PI assay. In addition, it decreased the PA-1 mitochondrial membrane potential and promoted upregulation of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. GBL also showed a dose-dependent inhibition of PA-1 migration. Altogether, this study reveals that guttiferone BL, studied herein for the first time, exhibits efficient antiproliferative activity by the induction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Its investigation as a therapeutic agent against human cancers especially ovarian cancer should be envisaged.

No abstract

Background: Ficus sur Forssk is used in traditional African medicine in the treatment of skin diseases, epilepsy, jaundice, pain, inflammation, anemia, sexually transmitted diseases, and diarrhea. We described here the chemical study and antibacterial properties of F. sur ethanol extract. Methods: Separation and isolation of compounds were performed using common chromatographic methods. The structures of compounds were determined by spectrometric and spectroscopic analyses including MS and NMR data and comparison with reported ones in the literature. Isolated compounds, fractions and crude EtOH extract were tested against five multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria using the microdilution method. Results: Ten known compounds (1-10) were isolated including six pentacyclic triterpenoids (1-6) and four steroid derivatives (7-10) including 11-oxo-β-amyrin acetate (1), olean-12-en-3-one (2) β-amyrin palmitate (3), β-amyrin (4), β-amyrin acetate (5), lupeol acetate (6), ergosterol peroxide (7), (22R)-3β-stigmast-5-ene-3,22-diol (8), β-sitosterol (9) and β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10). The chemophenetic significance of the isolated compounds was discussed. The crude extract exhibited the lowest minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value on Salmonella typhi 001 (MIC = 64 µg/mL). Fractions FA and FB showed antibacterial activity against all the tested microorganisms with MIC ranging from 16 to 512 µg/mL. Fraction A showed the highest activity with the least MIC of 16 µg/mL on Escherichia coli 009 while the most active among isolated compounds were β-amyrin palmitate (3) against Salmonella typhi (MIC = 32 µg/mL) and β-amyrin acetate (5) against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC = 64 µg/mL). This work report antibacterial activity of the crude ethanol extract, fractions, and isolated compounds from the selected plant. Conclusion: The research work presented here shows that Ficus sur Forssk fruits possess compounds that could be valued in the treatment of bacterial diseases: These results support the traditional uses of this plant for the treatment of some bacterial diseases happening in Cameroon.