Laboratory studies showed that higher relative humidity (RH) and lower air temperature increase the tolerance of the Japanese clam, Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve), to exposure. Aerial respiration of the clam was also measured. At high RH, the exposure time which gave 50% survival (LT 50 ) was 1.97 and 1.75 times longer than in low RH at air temperatures of 15 and 25°C, respectively. At 15°C, all clams previously acclimatized at 15°C survived for 58 h at low RH and 102 h at high RH. These differences can potentially be exploited to improve the shipment of clams. The aerial respiration experiment showed that the increase of the oxygen consumption rate at 25°C was greater than that at 15°C, following an increase in exposure time. The aerial respiration rates of the clams were » 41.6% and 50.0% of those in water at 25 and 15°C, respectively. The survival of the clams in air was dependent on aerobic rather than anaerobic respiration.

The purpose of this research is to test and analyze the role of Job satisfaction as an intervening variable between self-efficacy and employee performance. Research object at PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry, Tbk Surabaya area, is the marketing department. Several factors that can improve employee performance are the employees' sense of security and comfort in the work environment. This research is using a quantitative approach. The population in this study are 56 employees at PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry, Tbk in Surabaya Area. The data analysis technique used Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square with software SmartPLS version 3.0. The technique of collecting data using questionnaires and interviews. The result showed that self-efficacy has no significant effect on employee performance. Self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction as an intervening variable affects the relationship between self-efficacy and employee performance at PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry, Tbk in Surabaya Area, is the marketing department. This study implies that if the company wants to improve employee performance, then employee job satisfaction must be realized, maintain a comfortable work environment, and provide motivation to training to maximize and increase self-efficacy.

Some metabolic end‐products in tissues and physiological parameters of haemolymph of the Japanese clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve) were investigated under aerial exposure at 15 °C with low relative humidity (RH) (22%) or high RH (91%). Acclimated clams in water at 15 °C were used as a control and to supply the low or high RH experiment. The low RH experiment was conducted at air exposure for 50 h (LH50), and the high RH experiment for 50 h (HH50) and 100 h (HH100). Accumulation of succinate and alanine in the tissues proved that the clam shifted its metabolism to anaerobiosis. Lactate accumulation did not occur. Glucose concentrations in tissues increased slightly during exposure except for HH50. The total free amino acid contents (363–410 μmol g−1) were higher than those of glucose (530–804 μmol 100 g−1), suggesting that the free amino acids might play a more dominant role in the metabolism. Increase in the haemolymph pco2 did not influence the acid–base balance in the haemolymph during exposure at both humidity conditions. Increase in the haemolymph ammonia from 48.2 to 57.1 μmol 100 g−1 and to 131.0 μmol 100 g−1 at LH50 and HH100, respectively, suggested that ammonia might function as an important buffering factor during aerial exposure. Retention values of the haemolymph po2 even at the longest exposure time (16.30 mmHg at LH50 and 14.69 mmHg at HH100) indicated that the clams depend partially on some aerobic manner.

The aim of this research was to know the effect of salinity on survival rate and growth of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The treatments are 0 ppt (control), 3 ppt, 6 ppt, 9 ppt, 12 ppt, and 15 ppt. The survival rate, length growth, weight growth, and daily growth rate have been evaluated.  This research showed there were significantly different between the treatments on survival rate and weight growth (P<0.05). The highest of survival rate get from treatment with salinity 3 ppt, 6 ppt, 9 ppt and 12 ppt. The highest of weight growth get from treatment with salinity 0 ppt, 3 ppt, 6 ppt and 9 ppt. This research showed there were not significantly different between the treatments on the daily growth rate and length growth (P>0.05). Key words: Salinity, survival rate, growth, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

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