Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an important and well established area of modern computer science that can often provide a means of tackling computationally large or complex problems in a realistic time-frame. Digital forensics is an area that is becoming increasingly important in computing and often requires the intelligent analysis of large amounts of complex data. It would therefore seem that AI is an ideal approach to deal with many of the problems that currently exist in digital forensics. The purpose of this paper is to give a high level introduction to AI as it might be used in digital forensics.

Many Experts believe that the Internet of Things (IoT) is a new revolution in technology that has brought many benefits for our organisations, businesses, and industries. However, information security and privacy protection are important challenges particularly for smart vehicles in smart cities that have attracted the attention of experts in this domain. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) endeavor to mitigate the risk of privacy invasions, but the literature lacks a thorough review of the approaches and techniques that support individuals' privacy in the connection between smart vehicles and smart cities. This gap has stimulated us to conduct this research with the main goal of reviewing recent privacy-enhancing technologies, approaches, taxonomy, challenges, and solutions on the application of PETs for smart vehicles in smart cities. The significant aspect of this study originates from the inclusion of data-oriented and process-oriented privacy protection. This research also identifies limitations of existing PETs, complementary technologies, and potential research directions.

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