Purpose This paper aims to address essential questions regarding social entrepreneurial intentions. Do traits such as perceived social impact, social worth and social network influence, social entrepreneurial intentions among the young populous generation of Pakistan? To get a deeper insight, this paper further raises questions regarding the relationship of these predictors and social entrepreneurial intentions with empathy which is considered as a key determinant and a distinguishing trait to become a social entrepreneur. Design/methodology/approach This paper involves a quantitative research design using a partial least square structural equation modeling approach to measure the effects of the structural model. For this, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with a purposive sample of 247 university students from Pakistan. Findings Results showed a positive relationship between antecedents and social entrepreneurial intentions. Overall analysis exhibited social worth as a dominant trait and social network as the least influencing trait to impact social entrepreneurial intentions. Practical implications It will help micro and macro-level policymakers including government officials and NGOs and educators to create awareness and provide support and encouragement to individuals who aim to initiate social enterprise. Originality/value The present study makes significant contributions to the social entrepreneurship literature, as it is one of the first academic studies on social entrepreneurial intentions in Pakistan. This paper enriches the theoretical foundation by assessing the influence of perceived social impact, social worth and social network on social entrepreneurial intentions. Also, the relationship of Empathy with each of these antecedents is examined for the first time in the social entrepreneurial intentions context which is a valuable contribution both theoretically and practically.

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate the determinants of workplace innovation behavior of women employees in Pakistan. With a growing share of women's participation in the labor force in developing economies, it is crucial to understand their behavior. The authors looked into various practices that drive women's innovative behavior using social exchange theory (SET) as a theoretical framework.Design/methodology/approachThis study is quantitative-based on the positivistic paradigm. Following the survey method technique, responses are collected from 317 female employees in the service industry. The authors used structural equation modeling for the data analysis.FindingsThe results indicate a significant impact of leader-member exchange (LMX) on employee empowerment; schedule flexibility was also a possible predictor of workplace innovation behavior through mediating roles of employee empowerment and response to change. The study findings are consistent with the prior literature and according to the developed hypothesis. Further, women's response to change partially mediates women employees' empowerment and workplace innovation behaviors. In addition, LMX significantly affects women's response to change through women employees' empowerment, leading to workplace innovation behavior.Practical implicationsThe implication is that supervisors should be adaptable in working relationships with their women employees to bring positive workplace innovative behaviors. They create such exchanges with employees to make them feel that the organizations value them. The paper identifies the need to develop supportive supervisor-employee exchange relationships to encourage positive, innovative behavior in female employees.Originality/valueThis paper examines the workplace innovation behavior of women employees in Pakistani patriarchal society and a male-dominating workplace environment.

Do emotional well-being and employee engagement positively predict life satisfaction in the presence of gender differences? We conducted a cross-sectional study in the top five cities of Pakistan by inviting organizational employees from service sectors (n = 198; 65% females, age = 26years-30years). The key predictors were emotional well-being and engagement with life satisfaction as the outcome variable and gender as the key moderator. Emotional well-being and engagement are positive predictors of life satisfaction. Results, moreover, showed that the effect of engagement on life satisfaction is stronger for male employees than females; however, such moderation effect could not be confirmed in the relationship between emotional well-being and life satisfaction.

Tourism is one of the substantially growing economic sectors in the Hunza valley of Pakistan. This tourism growth is attributable to factors that not only shape residents’ quality of life but also their tourism support. This paper posits that residents’ perception of tourism impact dimensions (social, economic, environmental, and cultural) influences residents’ quality of life, which in turn affects their support for tourism in the valley. The empirical analysis of data collected from 561 respondents shows social, economic, and cultural dimensions of tourism as significant positive predictors of residents’ quality of life. In turn, quality of life partially mediates tourism impact (economic, social, and cultural) on residents’ support for tourism. The paper also discusses practical implications and research limitations.