Strategi hitung merupakan salah satu aspek penting dari Matematika yang sangat bermanfaat untuk dipelajari oleh siswa. Pada penelitian ini,  peneliti akan memaparkan hasil studi literatur terkait strategi hitung atau mental strategies yang muncul dalam aktivitas pembelajaran penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan. Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur. Berdasarkan    hasil    penelitian    dan  pembahasan    yang    telah    diuraikan,    maka    dapat  diambil  kesimpulan bahwa strategi hitung yang kerap kali muncul dan digunakan pada siswa di negara-negara maju seperti Amerika, Inggris, Belanda, Australia pada konsep operasi hitung penjumlahan adalah: strategi hitung counting all, strategi hitung counting on from first, strategi hitung counting on from larger,strategi hitung using doubles, strategi hitung skip counting, strategi hitung jumping, strategi hitung compensation, strategi hitung bridging through ten, strategi hitung splitting, dan strategi hitung pen and paper. Sedangkan strategi hitung yang muncul pada konsep operasi hitung pengurangan adalah: strategi hitung counting back, strategi hitung countingback , strategi hitung counting up,strategi hitung using doubles, strategi hitung skip counting, strategi hitung jumping, strategi hitung compensation, strategi hitung bridging through ten, strategi hitung splitting, dan strategi hitung pen and paper.

There are several abilities that can accommodate students in facing the 21st century, one of which is the ability to think creatively, but based on educational report cards, students' ability to think creatively is low. This study aims to describe a learning model that can stimulate the emergence of creative thinking abilities of elementary school students through the literature study method. Based on the results of the research and discussion, the researchers concluded that increasing the ability to think creatively can be pursued through three types of learning models, including (1) problem-based learning models, (2) discovery-based learning models, and (3) project-based learning models. These learning models include problem-solving, problem-posing, problem-based learning, guided inquiry learning, discovery learning, and project-based learning. This learning model was chosen because it has been proven by many researchers and has syntactic relations and indicators of creative thinking ability