Barred mudskipper (Periophthalmus argentilineatus) has a potency to be developed as protein for human consumption and ornamental fish. The fish also has an important role in mangrove ecosystems. Nevertheless, many barred mudskippers have been considered a cryptic species. Therefore, accurate identification is needed to clarify species identification of the barred mudskipper using DNA barcoding.  This research aimed to identify barred mudskippers from Tekolok Estuary (East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia) using COI mitochondrial gene as a DNA barcode and analyze genetic relationship with other barred mudskippers from several regions of Indonesia recorded in GenBank. This study used a PCR method with universal primers FishF2 and FishR2.  The data was then analysed using DNASTAR, BLAST, Mesquite, MEGA, DnaSP, BEAST, GenAlEx, and NETWORK. The results revealed that barred mudskipper from Tekolok Estuary has been verified as Periophthalmus argentilineatus. The results also exhibited that P. argentilineatus from Tekolok Estuary has a close genetic relationship to P.argentilineatus from Tukad Bilukpoh (Jembrana, Bali).  In addition, phylogenetic analysis showed that P.argentilineatus from Indonesia consisted of two clades with a genetic distance of approximately 6.64%. This analysis revealed evidence of the cryptic diversity of P.argentilineatus from Indonesia. Further detailed studies are needed to clarify whether Indonesian P.argentilineatus should be categorized into more than one species or single species with several subspecies.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar IPA Biologi antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan model Reciprocal Learning (RL) dan siswa yang belajar menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) di kelas VII SMP Negeri 20 Mataram tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian komparatif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah pretest-postest non-control group design. Populasinya adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 20 Mataram. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik simple random sampling dan diperoleh kelas VII B sebagai kelas eksperimen I dan kelas VII D sebagai kelas eksperimen II. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur hasil belajar adalah objective test. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji-t polled varians dengan taraf signifikansi 5%. Data yang diuji dengan uji-t tersebut adalah data gain score. Hasil uji-t untuk data hasil belajar kognitif didapatkan bahwa thitung > ttabel yakni 2,15 > 2.02. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model Reciprocal Learning (RL) dan Problem Based Learning (PBL) di SMP Negeri 20 Mataram tahun ajaran 2016/2017.

The two genetic software, DnaSP and NETWORK, is commonly used to analyse gene polymorphism and haplotype network which is useful for the understanding pattern of genetic variation and genetic relationship. In this study, the two software were applied to detect polymorphism of 16S sequence gene of Ophiocara paracephala from Tekolok Estuary (NTB, Indonesia) which has not been investigated. This study used a PCR method with 16Sar and 16Sbr primers. The results revealed two haplotypes and two variable sites with one parsimony informative within O.paracephala from Tekolok Estuary population. Next, if the 16S sequence data of O.paracephala from Tekolok Estuary was combined with the 16S gene data of O.paracephala from GenBank, three haplotypes were detected with five variables sites and one parsimony informative. This finding showed intra-population and intraspecific genetic variation of O.paracephala. In addition, haplotype network using NETWORK and a phylogenetic tree using Neighbor Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods exhibited that O.paracephala from Tekolok Estuary has a close genetic relationship with O.paracephala from Japan.