A synthetic aperture radar can offer not only an accurate monitoring of the earth surface deformation, but also information on the troposphere, such as the total path delay or the columnar water vapor at high horizontal resolution. This can be achieved by proper interferometric processing and postprocessing of the radar interferograms. The fine and unprecedented horizontal resolution of the tropospheric products can offer otherwise unattainable information to be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models, which are progressively increasing their resolving capabilities. A number of tricks on the most effective processing approaches, as well as a novel method to pass from multipass differential interferometry products to absolute tropospheric columnar quantities are discussed. The proposed products and methods are assessed using real Sentinel-1 data. The experiment aims at evaluating the accuracy of the derived information and its impact on the weather prediction skill for two meteorological events in Italy. The main perspective of the study is linked to the possibility of exploiting interferometric products from a geosynchronous platform, thus complementing the inherent high resolution of SAR sensors with the required frequent revisit needed for meteorological applications.

We provide the first 3‐D resistivity image of the Pian Grande di Castelluccio basin, the main Quaternary depocenter in the hangingwall of the Mt.Vettore–Mt. Bove normal fault system (VBFS), responsible for the October 30, 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquake (central Italy). The subsurface structure of the basin is poorly known, and its relation with the VBFS remains debated. Using the recent Fullwaver technology, we carried out a high‐resolution 2‐D transect crossing the 2016 coseismic ruptures coupled with an extensive 3‐D survey with the aim of: (a) mapping the subsurface of the basin‐bounding splays of the VBFS and the downdip extent of intrabasin faults; (b) imaging the infill and pre‐Quaternary substratum down to ∼1 km depth. The 2‐D resistivity section highlights under the coseismic ruptures a main dip‐slip fault zone with conjugated splays. The 3‐D resistivity model suggests that the basin consists of two depocenters (∼300 and ∼600 m deep, respectively) filled with silty sands and gravels (resistivity <300 Ωm), bounded and cross‐cut by NNE‐, WNW‐, and NNW‐trending faults with throws of ∼200–400 m. We hypothesize that the NNE‐trending system acted during the early basin development, followed by NNW‐trending and currently active splays of the VBFS that overprint pre‐existing structures and locally control the infill architecture. Moreover, beneath the basin we detect a shallow NW‐dipping blind fault. The latter is likely a hangingwall splay of the adjacent regional Mts. Sibillini Thrust, which may have been partly involved in the rupture process of the Norcia mainshock.

This paper investigates the possibility to localize small aircrafts and drones in three-dimensions by exploiting a passive radar based on WiFi transmissions. Specifically, following the latest results of the authors, where the effectiveness of the WiFibased passive radar has been demonstrated for the detection and 2D localization of small aircrafts, the advanced capability to estimate their height is demonstrated in this paper. In addition, the new capability is explored to detect and localize small commercial drones and UAVs in 3D. The experimental results achieved by means of a demonstrator developed at Sapienza University of Rome support the practical applicability of WiFi-based passive radar for improving security of small airfields and outdoor areas.

This work focuses on the study of land subsidence processes by means of multi-temporal and multi-frequency InSAR techniques. Specifically, we retrieve the long-term evolution (2003–2018) of the creeping phenomenon producing ground fissuring in the Ciudad Guzmán (Jalisco state, Mexico) urban area. The city is located on the northern side of the Volcan de Colima area, one of the most active Mexican volcanoes. On September 21 2012, Ciudad Guzmán was struck by ground fissures of about 1.5 km of length, causing the deformation of the roads and the propagation of fissures in adjacent buildings. The field surveys showed that fissures follow the escarpments produced during the central Mexico September 19 1985 Mw 8.1 earthquake. We extended the SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometric monitoring starting with the multi-temporal analysis of ENVISAT and COSMO-SkyMed datasets, allowing the monitoring of the observed subsidence phenomena affecting the Mexican city. We processed a new stack of Sentinel-1 TOPSAR acquisition mode images along both descending and ascending paths and spanning the 2016–2018 temporal period. The resulting long-term trend observed by satellites, together with data from volcanic bulletin and in situ surveys, seems to suggest that the subsidence is due to the exploitation of the aquifers and that the spatial arrangement of ground deformation is controlled by the position of buried faults.

Background:The study investigated the relationship between CD4+ levels and two emotion-related measures, one of expressed emotion (Hostility directed Inwards, HdI) and one of capacity for emotional processing (Referential Activity, RA). Method: 42 HIV-I positive asymptomatic subjects, under AZT treatment, underwent CD4+ assessment immediately after a brief interview. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using the GottschalkCleser and Referential Activity scales. Of the Gottschalk-Gleser scales, only HdI was considered.Resulrs: As hypothesized, the regression of emotion-related scores on CD4 + levels showed a curvilinear relationship with HdI scores, and a linear relationship with RA scores. Subjects with the best immune status therefore showed intermediate levels of expressed emotion and a high capacity for emotional processing. Conclusion: The findings support the usefulness of working through, rather than releasing emotion. Previous negative findings in the field might be explained by the unjustified assumption of linear relationships between expressed emotion and health.