Falls and fall related injuries are a significant cause of morbidity, disability, and health care utilization, particularly among the age group of 65 years and over. The ability to detect falls events in an unsupervised manner would lead to improved prognoses for falls victims. Several wearable accelerometry and gyroscope-based falls detection devices have been described in the literature; however, they all suffer from unacceptable false positive rates. This paper investigates the augmentation of such systems with a barometric pressure sensor, as a surrogate measure of altitude, to assist in discriminating real fall events from normal activities of daily living. The acceleration and air pressure data are recorded using a wearable device attached to the subject's waist and analyzed offline. The study incorporates several protocols including simulated falls onto a mattress and simulated activities of daily living, in a cohort of 20 young healthy volunteers (12 male and 8 female; age: 23.7 ±3.0 years). A heuristically trained decision tree classifier is used to label suspected falls. The proposed system demonstrated considerable improvements in comparison to an existing accelerometry-based technique; showing an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 96.9%, 97.5%, and 96.5%, respectively, in the indoor environment, with no false positives generated during extended testing during activities of daily living. This is compared to 85.3%, 75%, and 91.5% for the same measures, respectively, when using accelerometry alone. The increased specificity of this system may enhance the usage of falls detectors among the elderly population.

US identified a significantly increased volume of MN and UN in acromegalic patients. Peripheral nerve enlargement in acromegaly seems to be an intrinsic feature of the disease related to clinical control, disease duration, and IGF-I levels.

The significant antiproliferative effect of octreotide seems to be related to the higher expression of sst(5) and the negligible antihormonal effect to the lower expression of sst(2). However, activation of multiple receptors by new analogs may produce better control of tumor cell activities. The dissociation between antisecretive and antiproliferative effects observed in vivo and in vitro confirms that SSAs may induce tumor shrinkage despite the lack of effect on GH secretion.

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abbreviatioNs BPNST = benign PNST; MPNST = malignant PNST; NF = neurofibromatosis; OS = overall survival; PFS = progression-free survival; PNNST = peripheral non-neural sheath tumor; PNST = peripheral nerve sheath tumor; VAS = visual analog scale. patients (with 173 surgically treated tumors) had adequate follow-up data available for analysis. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), and motor and sensory function were assessed by means of the Louisiana State University grading system. They also analyzed the relationship between tumor recurrence and patient sex, patient age, diagnosis of neurofibromatosis (NF), tumor histopathology, tumor size, tumor location, and extent of resection (subtotal vs gross-total resection), using univariate and multivariate analyses. results There was a statistically significant improvement in the mean VAS pain score (preoperative 3.96 ± 2.41 vs postoperative 0.95 ± 1.6, p = 0.0001). Motor strength and sensory function were significantly improved after resection of tumors involving the brachial plexus (p = 0.0457 and p = 0.0043, respectively), tumors involving the upper limb (p = 0.0016 and p = 0.0016, respectively), BPNSTs (p = 0.0011 and p < 0.0001, respectively), and tumors with dimensions less than 5 cm (motor strength: p = 0.0187 and p = 0.0021 for ≤ 3 cm and 3-5 cm tumors, respectively; sensory function: p = 0.0003 and p = 0.0001 for ≤ 3 cm and 3-5 cm tumors, respectively). Sensory function showed a statistically significant improvement also in patients who had undergone resection of tumors involving the lower limb (p = 0.0118). Total resection was associated with statistically significant improvement of motor strength (p = 0.0251) and sensory function (p < 0.0001). In univariate analysis, a history of NF (p = 0.0034), a diagnosis of MPNST or PNNST (p < 0.0001), and subtotal resection (p = 0.0042) were associated with higher risk of tumor recurrence. In multivariate analysis (logistic regression analysis), a history of NF (OR 9.28%, 95% CI 1.62-52.94, p = 0.0121) and a diagnosis of MPNST (OR 0.03%, 95% CI 0.002-0.429, p = 0.0098) or PNNST (OR 0.081%, 95% CI 0.013-0.509, p = 0.0077) emerged as independent prognostic factors for tumor recurrence. coNclusioNs A total resection should be attempted in all cases of peripheral nervous system tumors (irrespective of the supposed diagnosis and tumor dimensions) because it is associated with better prognosis in term of functional outcome and overall survival. Moreover, a total resection predicts a lower risk of tumor recurrence. Patients with a history of NF and tumors with malignant histology remain a challenge both for neurosurgeons and oncologists due to higher recurrence rates and the lack of standardized adjuvant therapies.