A lack of access to clean energy and use of traditional cooking systems have severe negative effects on health, especially among women and children, and on the environment. Despite increasing attention toward this topic, few studies have explored the factors influencing consumers’ adoption of improved cooking stoves (ICS). This systematic literature review (n = 81) aims to identify the main drivers and barriers to clean cooking from a consumer perspective. In addition, it aims to define how consumers perceive ICS with respect to traditional stoves. Thematic analysis revealed seven factors that may act as drivers or barriers to ICS adoption: economic factors; socio-demographics; fuel availability; attitude toward technology; awareness of the risks of traditional cookstoves and the benefits of ICS; location; and social and cultural influences. Perceptions focused on four topics: convenience and uses, aesthetics, health-related impacts, and environmental impacts. This review contributes to understanding of consumer behavior with regards to ICS. The findings suggest that availability and affordability of technology are not enough to enhance ICS adoption. Rather, policy makers and managers should approach customers with a less technical and a more personalized approach that takes due consideration of a local context and its social and cultural dynamics.
Este artigo busca problematizar o corpo, as relações corpo-poder, por meio das práticas artísticas realizadas na oficina de criatividade de um hospital psiquiátrico, sondando possibilidades não disciplinares de experiência corporal ou do uso dos corpos - mediante gestos, posturas, movimentos na produção artística. A partir disso, busca-se associar ética-estética-política, no âmbito de uma visão processual da experiência artística em duas situações etnográficas, estabelecendo uma relação íntima entre arte, corpo e subjetivação. É a partir daí que se discutem as possibilidades de resistência. Os próprios processos de subjetivação (e possibilidades de práticas corporais de re-singularização, re-apropriação e indisponibilização ao poder, na produção de um sujeito não sujeitado) são vistos no âmbito do estético. Assim, atenta-se para a produção da arte por meio do corpo e para a produção do corpo por meio da arte.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have shown unique performance in terms of greater electrical efficiency and thermochemical integrity with the power systems compared to gas turbines and internal combustion engines. Nonetheless, simple and reliable models still must be defined. In this paper, a comparisonbetween a grey-box model and a 1-D model of a SOFC is performed to understand the impact of the heat transfer inside the cell on the internal temperature distribution of the solid electrolyte. Hence, a significant internal temperature peak of the solid electrolyte is observed for a known difference between anode and cathode inlet temperatures. Indeed, it highlights the difference between the 1-D model andthe grey-box model regarding the thermal conditioning of the SOFC. Therefore, the results of this study can be used to investigate the reliability of the thermal results of box models in system-level simulations.
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