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One of the major problems facing the engineering and technical service of agricultural enterprises is to figure out the volume of repair and maintenance impacts to ensure the optimal operation of the tractor fleet in conditions of limited financial resources. The study introduces individual reliability indicators of tractors, based on the analysis of the machine and tractor fleet in the Vologda region. The condition for the formation of rational and effective repair and maintenance impacts is the constant monitoring of reliability indicators of tractors and agricultural machinery, which allows not only identifying their individual characteristics, but also predicting changes in technical state. Studies have shown that different systems of tractors, in particular MTZ tractors, can differ by reliability actually n several times. The interrelation between the invested funds for repairs and the subsequent failure-free operation was found out. The increase of failure-free operation allows reducing the probability and the amount of downtimes in the busy farming season, thereby reducing the possible costs associated with losses due to downtime of machines, such as: violation of agro-technical terms, which is especially important for sowing and harvesting, being one of the factors of yield reduction. These studies laid the foundation for the method for determining the rational volume of repair and maintenance impacts, which consists in minimizing the total costs aimed at improving the failure-free operation of tractors. All this, along with using the up-to-date diagnostics tools, will increase the efficiency of preventive repair and maintenance impacts.

This study looks at determining the main trends in the application of microwaves on plants in agricultural production in the processing of grain material, it provides examples of their effectiveness and an overview of the use of microwaves on plants available on the Russian market. Additionally, the research studied the experience and developments of leading scientists in the field of microwave radiation. Analysis of the available sources provided information on the positive effect of microwave radiation in the processing of crops. The use of microwaves on plants during drying destroys pathogens and bacteria, in particular, microwave processing of red lentils reduces grey mould damage by up to 30%. Positive results are also noted in the microwave processing of other crops, providing an increase in germination capacity of up to 7% and yield growth of up to 6%. The microwave plant market in Russia is represented mainly by dryers, and the use of microwaves on plants combining several functions of drying, disinfection, and pre-sowing stimulation.

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Appearance is one of the criteria forming the aesthetic perception of a particular vehicle. However, the appearance of the car is a factor determining the consumers’ opinion about the brand of the car. Many vehicles during their operation for many different reasons undergo repair and restoration operations. As a rule, repairing body elements the paintwork is performed, the quality of which and the observance of technologies and standards during work ultimately determine the durability of the paintwork. The quality of the paintwork, the presence of damage, fragments of destruction is one of the essential aspects that interest consumers in the secondary market. The article presents the results of a study of the paintwork quality of the Volkswagen Tuareg car body elements; the presence of defects is identified, the causes of their occurrence are detected.