The stability of the Great Wall is mainly affected by traffic vibrations and natural hazards, such as strong winds, heavy rainfall, and thunderstorms, which are extremely harmful to the safety of the Great Wall. To determine the impact of the above factors on the Great Wall, a comparative analysis based on MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) accelerometer data was conducted between the non-impacts and the impacts of the above factors. An analysis of the relationship between vibration acceleration and each potential hazard based on a visual time series chart was presented using the data of accelerometers, traffic video, meteorology, rainfall, and wind. According to the results, traffic vibration is one of the primary dangerous factors affecting the stability of the Great Wall, Moreover, the intensity of the vibrations increases with the traffic flow. Thunderstorms also influence the stability of the Great Wall, with enhanced thunderstorm excitation resulting in increased vibration displacement. Furthermore, wind load is an influencing factor, with average wind speeds greater than 9 m/s significantly affecting the stability of the Great Wall. Rainfall has no impact on the stability of the Great Wall in the short term. This research can provide important guidance for risk assessment and protection of the Great Wall.