As a major hidden danger of mine safety production, the impact resistance tendency of rock seriously restricts the safety and high yield of coal mine. At the same time, as one of the puzzles of rock mechanics, it has been perplexing many domestic and foreign scholars since the recorded rock burst in South Stafford coal mine in 1738. At present, this research is relatively weak; so, it is different for economic and social benefits. The study of the impact resistance law and the antishock measures of water-bearing rocks are extremely meaningful. In order to deeply explore the impact resistance law of rock with different water content and the antishock support measures after roadway excavation, based on the previous research results of the previous research, the impact tendency of different coal samples was firstly tested by coal uniaxial compression experiment, judging and then calculating the damage characteristics of rock with different water content according to the obtained data, as one of the judgment basis of the impact law of coal mine. Secondly, according to the experimental data, the energy evolution characteristics are calculated and analyzed with the graph. Finally, the impact tendency of the rock under different moisture conditions is obtained.

It is urgent for westward coal mine development to control surrounding rock of thick unconsolidated stratum, thin basement rock, and super high seam under geological conditions. Studying surrounding rock deformation control mechanism under special geological conditions in western regions is of practical guiding significance for the implementation of China’s energy strategy in western regions, with special mining geological conditions of the experimental mine as the background, deformation rule, failure characteristic, and stress distribution characteristic of surrounding rock in fully mechanized caving mining of thick unconsolidated stratum. By establishing the structural mechanics model of “sidestepped rock beam,” the stability criterion is determined. The horizontal displacement of surrounding rock in the middle of the working face is small, and the displacement at both ends is large. After the mining of the working face, an “O” ring appears on the main roof. The ring extends outward with the excavation, reaches the maximum at the initial weighting, and its displacement decreases from inside to outside. Finally, through theoretical analysis, experimental research, numerical calculation, and field observation, the thin bedrock and ultra-high coal seam are systematically analyzed, and its deformation and failure mechanism is revealed. Relevant research findings are successfully implemented on the scene and effectively ensured safety, high yield, and high efficiency of the mine.