Background and Objective: Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its incidence rate is high. Traditional methods of lung cancer screening, such as those based on X-ray, lowdose computed tomography (LDCT), positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT), electronic bronchoscopy, and serum tumor markers were not satisfied with the urgent need in improving the patient survival rate. Thus, biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer are extremely needed.Studies have identified a variety of long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are expressed at abnormal levels in patients with lung cancer which was believed as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of lung cancer. This review aims to discuss the role of lncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), so as to provide insights into the prognosis of lung cancer. Methods:We searched PubMed database of the related scientific researches with outcomes from 09/16/2011 to 05/02/2022 focusing on lncRNA application in lung cancer via searching terms of "lncRNA AND lung cancer", "lncRNA AND non-small cell lung cancer", "lncRNA AND drug resistance", "lncRNA AND radio sensitivity". Published articles written in English available to readers were considered.

In this study, we analyzed GPC family genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) and the possible mechanism of action of GPC1 in CRC. CRC patient data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the prognostic significance of GPC1 expression and its association with clinicopathological features were identified by Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. CRC patients with high GPC1 expression had poor overall survival compared with patients with low GPC1 expression. In vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of GPC1 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration and promoted cell apoptosis in CRC cell lines. Gene Ontology analysis of differential genes indicated that GPC1 may influence the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Additional experiments revealed that silencing GPC1 suppressed the levels of TGF-β1 and p-SMAD2 but increased the expression of SMAD2. Taken together, these findings suggest that GPC1 may function as a tumor promoter in CRC cells through promoting TGF-β signaling pathway. Our results also indicate that GPC1 may serve as a critical effector in CRC progression and a new potential target for CRC therapy.

Objective. DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex system that maintains genetic integrity and the stable replication and transmission of genetic material. m6A modifies DDR-related gene expression and affects the balance of DNA damage response in tumor cells. In this study, a risk model based on m6A-modified DDR-related gene was established to evaluate its role in patients with gastric cancer. Methods. We downloaded 639 DNA damage response genes from the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) database and constructed risk score models using typed differential genes. We used Kaplan-Meier curves and risk curves to verify the clinical relevance of the model, which was then validated with the univariate and multifactorial Cox analysis, ROC, C -index, and nomogram, and finally this model was used to evaluate the correlation of the risk score model with immune microenvironment, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), and immune checkpoints. Results. In this study, 337 samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used as training set to construct a DDR-related gene model, and GSE84437 was used as external data set for verification. We found that the prognosis and immunotherapy effect of gastric cancer patients in the low-risk group were significantly better than those in the high-risk group. Conclusion. We screened eight DDR-related genes (ZBTB7A, POLQ, CHEK1, NPDC1, RAMP1, AXIN2, SFRP2, and APOD) to establish a risk model, which can predict the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and guide the clinical implementation of immunotherapy.