Background: Previous studies had been published to explore the association about carbohydrate intake on esophageal cancer risk, with inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and the risk of esophageal cancer. Methods: Suitable studies were carefully searched with the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Wanfang Database. A random-effects model was used for combined odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Stata software 14.0 was adopted for the analysis. Results: At the end, 13 publications were included in our study. Pooled results suggested that highest category versus lowest category of carbohydrate intake could reduce the risk of esophageal cancer (summarized OR = 0.627, 95% CI = 0.505–0.778, I2 = 59.9%, Pfor heterogeneity = 0.001). The results for carbohydrate intake on the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (summarized OR = 0.569, 95% CI = 0.417–0.777) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (summarized OR = 0.665, 95% CI = 0.453–0.975) were consistent with the overall result. A positive association was found in European, Asian, North American populations, instead of South American populations. Conclusions: In conclusions, dietary carbohydrate intake may have a protective effect against the risk of esophageal cancer.

Purpose: Dietary carbohydrate intake had become recognized as an important risk factor for risk of esophageal cancer. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between dietary carbohydrate intake and the risk of esophageal cancer. Methods: Suitable databases were carefully searched. A random-effects model was used for combined the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Stata software 14.0 was adopted for the analysis. Results: Thirteen publications were included in our study. There was significant correlation between highest category compared with lowest category of dietary carbohydrate intake and the risk of esophageal cancer (summarized OR= 0.627, 95%CI= 0.505-0.778, I2= 59.9%, P for heterogeneity = 0.001). The results in the subgroup of esophageal adenocarcinoma (summarized OR= 0.569, 95%CI= 0.417-0.777) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (summarized OR= 0.665, 95%CI= 0.453-0.975) were consistent with the overall result. A positive association was found in European populations, Asian populations, North American populations, instead of South American populations. Conclusions: In conclusions, dietary carbohydrate intake may have a protective effect against the risk of esophageal cancer.