In maize and soybean crops in Romania, have been identified over 40 species of pests, with significant economic importance. Of these pests, particular importance had presented: Ostrinia nubilalis, Diabrotica v.virgifera, Autographa gamma, Agrotis segetum, Amathes c-nigrum, Tetranychus urticae. The monitoring with synthetic sex pheromone traps, by attracting males in mass, was proposed in the 60s of the twentieth century (Knipling & Macguire, 1966). Thus, the method of removal males lead to lower the species population of target insects, contributing significantly to development control insect populations and, thus, to be one of the levers of maintaining the natural balance in contemporary agro-cenoses, that require protection.

The effect of the number of fungicide treatments in vegetation on the quality and quantity of the autumn yield was studied in 2012-2014 at Agricultural Research & Development Station (ARDS) Turda, in the Phytopathology laboratory field. The study was conducted with three wheat varieties: Arieșan, Dumbrava and Andrada and the test variants were: no treatment (T0), one treatment, (T1) and two treatments (T2). The vegetation treatments were carried out with the products Nativo (1 l/ha) and Prosaro (1 l/ha). Since the Fusarium head blight, produced by different species of the genus Fusarium, is the most important disease in wheat crops and has a high impact on the quality and quantity of production, the percentage of diseased kernels was determined. Applying vegetation treatments with fungicides decreased the percentage of diseased grains compared to the control. The yield increased when treatments were applied. The gluten and the protein content recorded a slight decrease or increase, depending on the variant; the ash content decreased when the treatments were applied during the vegetation period. The application of fungicide treatment on the vegetation is an important link in the wheat crop management, ensuring higher quantitative and qualitative production.

The fusarium ear rot caused by pathogens belonging to Fusarium genus is one of the most important diseases responsible for high economic losses, resulting from the decline of the production’s quantity and quality. The objective of the present study was the identification of sources of cytoplasm that convey resistance to fusarium ear rot within certain inbred isonuclear lines. Twenty five maize inbred lines: 20 isonuclear inbreds (obtained by transferring the nucleus of five elite inbred lines on four different cytoplasms) and five lines using the original cytoplasm were studied in three experimental years 2012, 2013 and 2014. The analysis of variance for fusarium ear rot showed the very significant influence of factors years and nucleus and the significant action of the cytoplasm. The resistance to fusarium ear rot of each isonuclear line was compared to the line with original cytoplasm, over the three years of the experiment. Genetic variability within isonuclear groups regarding the resistance to fusarium ear rot was observed. The greatest difference in the degree of attack on the maize cob in comparison with the original cytoplasm (-4.92%), was noted for isoline TB 243 x TB 329, which showed a very significantly negative difference. Changing cytoplasm resulted in genotypes with a good resistance to the Fusarium spp. attack; therefore the use of these genotypes is recommended in creating of new hybrids.

Elaborated in 2008-2010, at Agricultural Research Station Turda, the paper presents the increasing of main pests abundance and the extension risk of pests attack on the cultural technologies with minimum soil tillage and no tillage system, on the agro-ecological changes in Transylvania. The paper pointed out the importance of adequate new soil conservative technologies of minimum tillage and no tillage system with a special pests control strategy, comprising: efficiency insecticides and application moments, cultural measures, entomophagous and biodiversity conservation and use, environmental protection.

This paper presents experimental data conducted for this purpose, during 2009 – 2010 in ARDS Turda. Species of Lepidoptera present in field crops, studied in ARDS Turda are: Agrotis segetum (Den. & Schiff.), Autographa gamma L., Amathes c-nigrum L., Mamestra brassicae L., Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., Plutella xylostella L.. The research were performed at ARDS Turda, during 2009 - 2010 in crops: maize, sugar beet and soybean; were used F1 traps type) with synthetic sex pheromones of the Romanian Institute of Chemistry Cluj - Napoca. Traps were placed in 3 repetitions, at the 50 m distance between, during June-September. The adhesive used was based on polyisobutylene, produced by the same institute. Pheromones baits and sticky plates were changed at 10 days, when were recorded the number of captured Lepidoptera. To compare data obtained, was performed percentage distribution of species of Lepidoptera, and observations on the abundance of Lepidoptera pests, highlighting the appeal and sex pheromones specific for the most common Lepidoptera. At ARDS Turda, in maize, sugar beet and soybean, under normal climate of the years 2009- 2010, were registered, in sex pheromones traps, more than 1.400 adults of the mentioned Lepidoptera species. These species showed a well defined allocation percentage as follows: Ostrina nubilalis represented a very significant percentage between 39.0 - 68.0% of the total of Lepidoptera pests, Autographa gamma 12,0-25,0%, Amathes c-nigrum 14,0-16,0% and other species (Mamestra brassicae, Plutella Xylostella, Agrotis segetum) between 2,0-11,0%. The results have resulted in flight curves of the most common Lepidoptera pest crops, which shows the evolution of species according to specific climatic conditions, thus knowing the best time for applying treatments.