Children with attention de¢cit hyperactivity disorder have di⁄culties with tasks that require response inhibition.We measured electroencephalographic data of nonmedicated children with attention de¢cit hyperactivity disorder and control children in two conditions: (a) a neutral condition without a self-regulation strategy and (b) a condition that involved the making of if^then plans (i.e.'If situation X is encountered, then I will perform the goal-directed behaviorY'). If^then plans improved response inhibition and increased the P300 in children with attention de¢cit hyperactivity disorder compared with the neutral condition. The present results encourage the application of self-regulation using if^then plans in addition or as an alternative to common medical therapy. NeuroReport 18:653^657