The traditional method for measuring the velocity and the angular vibration in the shaft of rotating machines using incremental encoders is based on counting the pulses at given time intervals. This method is generically called the time interval measurement system (TIMS). A variant of this method that we have developed in this work consists of measuring the corresponding time of each pulse from the encoder and sampling the signal by means of an A/D converter as if it were an analog signal, that is to say, in discrete time. For this reason, we have denominated this method as the discrete time interval measurement system (DTIMS). This measurement system provides a substantial improvement in the precision and frequency resolution compared with the traditional method of counting pulses. In addition, this method permits modification of the width of some pulses in order to obtain a mark-phase on every lap. This paper explains the theoretical fundamentals of the DTIMS and its application for measuring the angular vibrations of rotating machines. It also displays the required relationship between the sampling rate of the signal, the number of pulses of the encoder and the rotating velocity in order to obtain the required resolution and to delimit the methodological errors in the measurement.
En una anterior publicación en REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 1 comentábamos la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de las complicaciones inherentes a la hipoxia en la escalada a gran altitud, de consecuencias potencialmente fatales en unas pocas horas, en las que la falta de aclimatación a la altitud es un factor desencadenante clave. Los hallazgos ecocardiográficos de la función cardiaca en pacientes con mal agudo de montaña describen un incremento significativo de la presión sistólica pulmonar, a diferencia de lo observado en sujetos bien aclimatados 2 . Debido a la falta de recursos hospitalarios en un entorno hostil 3-5 , el control de la aclimatación y un diagnóstico precoz de la hipertensión arterial pulmonar serían sumamente útiles.El análisis de los cambios fonocardiográficos en la intensidad de los ruidos cardiacos primero y segundo (S1 y S2) se cuantifican mediante la relación entre sus respectivas intensidades acústicas mediante la razón S2/S1, y se observa que el aumento de dicha relación se produce siempre paralelamente a una disminución del valor de SaO 2 .Con el fin de confirmar aquellas observaciones, durante el verano de 2007, en una segunda tentativa de escalada al Broad Peak, montaña paquistaní de 8.047 m, se monitorizaron vía satélite los cambios clínicos y fonocardiográficos de dos alpinistas durante su ascensión.
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