Solidifiication/Stabilization (S/S) is a low-cost remedialtechnology that has been used extensively for decades to treat soil contaminated with metals on Superfund sites. Increasingly, it is being used with success to remediate sites that contain higher molecular weight organic compounds. This case study describes the development of S/S formations and their application to remediate the American Creosote Superfund Site in Jackson, Tennessee. The U S . EPA National Risk Management Research Laboratory conducted successfultreatability tests of innovative solidiJi:cation/stabilization (S/S) formulations to treat soils contaminated with dioxins, pentachlorophenol (PCP), and creosote from four wood preserving sites. Formulations developed during these studies were successful in reducing the mobility (leaching) of contaminants of concern by 95% to 99%. For one of these sites, the American Creosote Superfund site in Jackson, Tennessee, the U S . EPA, in cooperation with the State of Tmnessee, conducted a successful remediation of 45,000 cubic yards during 1998 and 1999. i%e costs to excavate, treat, replace, and cap soil contaminated with dioxin, PCP, and creosote averaged $64per cubic yard (about $40 ton). Formulations, design, operations, performance specifications, and costs are presented in this paper.

As the search for additional natural gas continues, recovery of known reserves must be improved if the goal of avoiding shortages is to be met. One area requiring further industry attention for enhanced gas recovery is the reservoir associated with an active aquifer. In reservoirs of this type, pressure maintenance and entrapment of gas by encroaching water greatly reduce recovery. This paper discusses the mechanism by which the aquifer reduces gas recovery and the magnitude of gas possibly left in place. Three methods of improving recovery are analyzed including (1) planned water production, (2) accelerated gas production and (3) gas replacement/displacement by other gas of lower economic value. The study shows criteria for technical and economic feasibility of the methods. Examples are used to illustrate the evaluation procedures.