Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently discovered genetic regulatory molecules that regulate immune responses and are closely associated with the occurrence and development of various diseases, including inflammation, in humans and animals. Under specific physiological conditions, lncRNA expression varies at the cell or tissue level, and lncRNAs can bind to specific miRNAs, target mRNAs, and target proteins to participate in certain processes, such as cell differentiation and inflammatory responses, via the corresponding signaling pathways. This review article summarizes the regulatory role of lncRNAs in macrophage polarization, dendritic cell differentiation, T cell differentiation, and endothelial and epithelial inflammation. In addition, it describes the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in acute kidney injury, hepatitis, inflammatory injury of the lung, osteoarthritis, mastitis, and neuroinflammation to provide a reference for the molecular regulatory network as well as the genetic diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseases in humans and animals.

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Taking bacterial virulence factors as targets is a new therapy for treating host bacterial infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of matrine on α-hemolysin production of Staphylococcus aureus (S . aureus) and reducing the damage to bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) induced by S . aureus α-hemolysin. Subinhibitory concentrations of matrine decreased the production of α-hemolysin in none dose-dependent manner and matrine exhibited a protective effect on S . aureus-induced BMECs injury. The results indicated that the structure of matrine may potentially be used as a basic structure for development of drugs aimed at curing and preventing dairy bovine mastitis.