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Electrically conductive hydrogels (ECHs), combining electrical properties of metals or semiconductors with the unique features of hydrogels, are ideal frameworks to design and construct flexible supercapacitors and batteries. This review summarized the material design and synthetic approach of ECHs, demonstrating the advances of percolation theory in ECH materials, followed by presenting their effective application in flexible energy storage systems, and discussed the challenges and opportunities in this field.

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