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The streamer discharge occurring on the surface of a conductor in rain is one of the critical problems associated with the design of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines. In this paper, the streamer discharges on the conductor surface in the presence of raindrops at atmospheric pressure are studied by use of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations with Monte Carlo collisions included. The influences of the drop angles, volumes, and spatial distributions of raindrops on the development of streamer discharges have been demonstrated. The formation of streamer discharges and the involved electric fields, plasma densities, propagation velocities, and discharge currents are presented. It is found that the discharge intensity decreases significantly with an increasing of the drop angle. The dividing point at the 95° angle is suggested. With an increase of the raindrop volume and the distance of raindrops, strong discharges with the advanced discharge time, faster propagation velocity, larger electric field, and higher plasma density are initiated. Moreover, the electron energy probability functions of different discharges have been studied, which are nonequilibrium and reveal kinetic behavior of the discharges. The simulation results, which are qualitatively in agreement with the previous experimental observations, bring new insight into the discharge dynamics and provide useful references for the protection of HVDC transmission lines in rainy days.

As large-scale wind and photovoltaic power generation incorporating into the AC power grid, the impact of new energy fluctuation and uncertainty on the transient stability of power grid have attracted widespread attention among researchers and engineers in the power industry. It is necessary to improve the transient simulation and modelling ability of new energy to provide a more efficient simulation platform for the stability research of new energy generation connecting to large power grid. In this paper, the ADPSS technology of large-scale new energy electromagnetic transient simulation is mainly studied in depth, including the following contents: the design and development of the interface and program of ADPSS-Matlab co-simulation, the improvement and optimization of the parallel high performance computing, and the verification of the accuracy of co-simulation for the modelling and experimental research with large-scale new energy simulation.

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