No abstract

The crystallographic structures and surface morphologies of Fe-P binary alloy films electrodeposited at different bath concentrations and different electrodeposition conditions have been studied in detail by means of XRD, HRTEM and SEM. The crystallization sequences of deposited films under the heat-treatment were analyzed with the help of XRD. The crystallographic structures of Fe-P deposited films were also compared with the Fe-P thermal equilibrium phase diagram. The results indicate that the crystallographic structures of Fe-P deposited films gradually change from crystalline to amorphous phase with increasing P content in the deposited films. The deposited film exists as -Fe supersaturated solid solution when the P compositions in deposited film are below 20.5 at%, whereas it exists as a homogenous amorphous phase when the P compositions in the deposited films are from 22.2 at% to 30.1 at%. Accordingly, the composition of boundary between the crystalline and homogenous amorphous regions can be determined at about 21.4 at% P content.

Electrodeposited Ni W alloy films were obtained from Nickel Sulfate baths containing Na 2 WO 4 . The crystallographic structure and morphology of electrodeposited Ni W films were studied by XRD, HRTEM, SEM and heat treatment technique. The crystallographic structures of electrodeposited Ni W alloy films were also compared with the Ni W thermal equilibrium diagram.The X ray diffraction patterns of Ni W electrodeposited films with various W contents gradually changed from sharp peaks to broad peaks with increasing W contents in electrodeposited films. HRTEM observation revealed that the crystallographic structure of electrodeposited Ni W film with 19.7 atW content was crystalline and its crystal size was about 10 nm. Moreover, the crystalline structure was observed and the crystal size was about 5 nm in the electrodeposited Ni W alloy film with 24.4 atW content. However, when the film with 24.4 atW content was heat treated, the crystalline phase did not grow and an unknown phase (Ni 4 W?) existed alone under 600°C heat treatment. From this result, it was clear that the crystallographic structure of Ni W film with 24.4 atW content was amorphous.Therefore, it can be concluded that the microcrystalline phase existed up to 22 atW in electrodeposited Ni W alloy film and the amorphous phase existed from 22 at to 35 atW.

The electrodeposited Ni-P alloy films were obtained from Watts baths containing H 3 PO 3 . The crystallographic structure and morphology of electrodeposited Ni-P films were studied by using XRD, HRTEM, SEM and heat-treatment technique. The crystallographic structures of electrodeposited Ni-P alloy films was also compared with the Ni-P thermal equilibrium diagram.The X-ray diffraction patterns of Ni-P electrodeposited films with various P contents gradually changed from sharp peaks to broad peaks with increasing P contents in electrodeposited films. HRTEM observation revealed that the crystallographic structure of electrodeposited Ni-P film with 18.5 atP content was crystalline and its crystal size was about 10 nm. Moreover, the crystalline structure was observed and the crystal size was about 3 nm in the electrodeposited Ni-P alloy film with 21.5 atP content. However, when the film with 21.5 atP content was heat treated, the crystalline phase did not grow and Ni 3 P existed alone under 300°C heat-treatment. From this result, it was clear that the crystallographic structure of Ni-P film with 21.5 atP content was amorphous.Therefore, it can be concluded that the microcrystalline phase existed up to 19 atP in electrodeposited Ni-P alloy film and the amorphous phase existed from 19 at to 32 atP.

Fe-Pd binary alloy films with various alloy compositions (from 7.8 at% Pd to 77.1 at% Pd) were electrodeposited in a novel bath containing the ammonia solution and the ammonium tartrate as complexing agents by changing the bath composition and the current density. The chemical states of the deposited films were analyzed by using ESCA, and the crystallographic structures of deposited films with wide alloy compositions were determined by using XRD and HRTEM. The result indicated that the crystallographic structures of deposited films are theFe solid solution when the Pd content is below 14.3 at% Pd, the mixture of -Fe solid solution and (-Fe, Pd) solid solution with face-centered cubic structure when the Pd content is from 28.5 to 61.6 at% Pd, and the (-Fe, Pd) solid solution when the Pd content is from 69.5 at% to 77.1 at%.