Seed longevity could significantly determine seed regeneration cycle and greatly affect wheat production. With the 90 K chip assays, a genome‐wide association study was performed to identify seed longevity‐related markers and loci in common wheat. Seed germination ratios (GR) under artificially ageing of 166 wheat accessions across three environments were evaluated to assess seed longevity. Totally, 23 longevity‐related loci were identified in the study, explaining 6.7%–11.4% of the phenotypic variations. Of these, QlgGR.cas‐1A and QlgGR.cas‐2B.2 were deemed as stable loci associated with wheat seed longevity. Fifteen loci were found overlapped with known quantitative trait loci or genes. Besides, QlgGR.cas‐1A, QlgGR.cas‐2B.2, QlgGR.cas‐3D.1, QlgGR.cas‐3D.2, QlgGR.cas‐4A.2, QlgGR.cas‐5A.1, QlgGR.cas‐5A.2 and QlgGR.cas‐6A.1 were colocated with seed dormancy‐related loci. Significant additive effects were obtained for seed longevity by pyramiding favourable alleles. Several candidate genes were found involved in signal transduction and stress resistance pathways by sequencing analysis of significantly longevity‐related molecular markers. These results might provide new sights into the genetic architecture of seed longevity.