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At present, the magnetic signals generated by the common artificial magnetic beacons change periodically with sinusoidal law, and there is a multi-value problem in measuring the target orientation by using the phase information of the magnetic signals. According to the characteristics of Halbach array, a kind of artificial magnetic beacon based on Halbach array is studied. This beacon has the characteristics of magnetic signal aggregation, which can avoid the multi-value problem and facilitate the extraction of phase information. Firstly, the array model is established with MATLAB, the magnetization direction of each permanent magnet is adjusted, and particle swarm optimization is used to find the structural parameters with the strongest magnetic field characteristics. Finally, COMSOL physical simulation software is used to verify the usability of the proposed structure.

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Target azimuth information can help further improve the accuracy of magnetic orientation, but the current periodic magnetic field generated by the magnetic beacon is multivalued, so it is not suitable for azimuth measurement. According to the distribution of a rotating magnetic field and the phase angle measuring principle, we put forward a new magnetic source structure design of a multiple rotating permanent magnet array by adjusting the spacing d, the rotating speed ω and the initial rotation angle φ, and then verified the mathematical model using COMSOL simulation software. A triple structure was obtained by comparison (d3=3d1=3d2=43m, d3=3d1=3d2=43m, φ1=0, φ2=4π5rad φ3=πrad), which can produce a strong characteristic magnetic signal similar to a heart-shaped field pattern. Finally, a signal transceiver system was set up for the experiment. The experimental result shows that the waveform of the magnetic signal generated by the real beacon meets the requirement of having a unique maximum value and good directivity within a period, which proves the practical application effect of the structure.

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