Compared to the pristine WO3, the oxygen vacancy defect levels of the sub-stoichiometric WO3−X narrow the bandgap and promote the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs.

Pyroptosis is a form of caspase-1-dependent programmed cell death with anti-tumor properties, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The results of our study showed that the antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin induced pyroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and a xenograft mouse model. Inhibition of pyroptosis attenuated the effects of simvastatin on tumor cell viability and migration. These data suggest that simvastatin may induce pyroptosis, thereby potentially serving as a novel therapeutic agent for NSCLC.

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