Under the background of higher education reform, undergraduate tourism students’ professional identity may play an important role in affecting students’ learning engagement and the sustainable development of tourism higher education. Data were collected from 551 Chinese undergraduate tourism students to investigate the potential relationships between professional identity and learning engagement. Based on the theory of social identity, professional identity is perceived as a progressive, dynamic process including professional cognition, professional appraisal, and professional emotion. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), and the findings confirmed that professional identity was in positive correlation with employee engagement. Furthermore, the results showed that professional cognition has positive influences on professional appraisal, professional emotion, and learning engagement, and professional appraisal has positive influences on professional emotion and learning engagement. In addition, the mediating effects of professional appraisal and professional emotion between professional cognition and learning engagement were analyzed, respectively. This study contributes to the understanding of the impacts of tourism students’ professional identity on learning engagement. Both theoretical and practical implications are provided.

<p>Supplementary tables and associated legends Supplementary Table 1. Antibodies utilized for flow cytometry. Supplementary Table 2. Primers utilized for RT-PCR analysis Supplementary Table 3. Survival after treatment with BGB-5777, radiotherapy and/or PD-1 blockade in the GL261 model of advanced GBM.</p>

<p>Supplementary figures and associated legends Supplementary Figure 1. In vitro GBM cell IDO1 metabolism with or without treatment of interferon-gamma (IFN�and/or IDO1 enzyme inhibitor, BGB-5777. Supplemental Figure 2. Mouse and human glioblastoma (GBM) cell IDO1 mRNA expression with or without IFNγ treatment. Supplemental Figure 3. Monotherapeutic effects of BGB-5777 in subcutaneously-engrafted mouse cancer models. Supplemental Figure 4. Survival comparison of mice treated with BGB-5777, radiotherapy and either PD-1 mAb or PD-L1 mAb. Supplemental Figure 5. Cellular analysis of glioblastoma (GBM) at 3 weeks post-tumor cell engraftment and treated with trimodal therapy. Supplemental Figure 6. Metabolite analysis of mice with glioblastoma (GBM) at 3 weeks post-tumor cell engraftment and treated with BGB-5777 monotherapy.</p>

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults with a median survival of 15–20 months. Numerous approaches and novel therapeutics for treating glioblastoma have been investigated in the setting of phase III clinical trials, including a recent analysis of the immune checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab (anti-PD-1), which failed to improve recurrent glioblastoma patient survival. However, rather than abandoning immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for glioblastoma, which has shown promise in other types of cancer, ongoing studies are currently evaluating this therapeutic class when combined with other agents.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Here, we investigated immunocompetent orthotopic mouse models of glioblastoma treated with the potent CNS-penetrating IDO1 enzyme inhibitor, BGB-5777, combined with anti-PD1 mAb, as well as radiotherapy, based on our recent observation that tumor-infiltrating T cells directly increase immunosuppressive IDO1 levels in human glioblastoma, the previously described reinvigoration of immune cell functions after PD-1 blockade, as well as the proinflammatory effects of radiation.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Our results demonstrate a durable survival benefit from this novel three-agent treatment, but not for any single- or dual-agent combination. Unexpectedly, treatment efficacy required IDO1 enzyme inhibition in non-glioblastoma cells, rather than tumor cells. Timing of effector T-cell infiltration, animal subject age, and usage of systemic chemotherapy, all directly impacted therapy-mediated survival benefit.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> These data highlight a novel and clinically relevant immunotherapeutic approach with associated mechanistic considerations that have formed the basis of a newly initiated phase I/II trial for glioblastoma patients. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2559–73. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults with a median survival of 15–20 months. Numerous approaches and novel therapeutics for treating glioblastoma have been investigated in the setting of phase III clinical trials, including a recent analysis of the immune checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab (anti-PD-1), which failed to improve recurrent glioblastoma patient survival. However, rather than abandoning immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for glioblastoma, which has shown promise in other types of cancer, ongoing studies are currently evaluating this therapeutic class when combined with other agents.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Here, we investigated immunocompetent orthotopic mouse models of glioblastoma treated with the potent CNS-penetrating IDO1 enzyme inhibitor, BGB-5777, combined with anti-PD1 mAb, as well as radiotherapy, based on our recent observation that tumor-infiltrating T cells directly increase immunosuppressive IDO1 levels in human glioblastoma, the previously described reinvigoration of immune cell functions after PD-1 blockade, as well as the proinflammatory effects of radiation.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Our results demonstrate a durable survival benefit from this novel three-agent treatment, but not for any single- or dual-agent combination. Unexpectedly, treatment efficacy required IDO1 enzyme inhibition in non-glioblastoma cells, rather than tumor cells. Timing of effector T-cell infiltration, animal subject age, and usage of systemic chemotherapy, all directly impacted therapy-mediated survival benefit.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> These data highlight a novel and clinically relevant immunotherapeutic approach with associated mechanistic considerations that have formed the basis of a newly initiated phase I/II trial for glioblastoma patients. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2559–73. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>