This research aims to map out types of bilingual signboards found in Elementary and Secondary schools in Surakarta based on their functions, to assess their quality in terms of accuracy and acceptability, and to describe factors influencing the translation quality. This descriptive qualitative research used data sources in the form of documents and persons, i.e. bilingual signboards displayed on school walls and those called raters who have competencies in assessing translation quality. Content analysis, Interview, and Focus Group Discussion were applied as the methods to collect and analyze the data of bilingual signboards. As a result, there are three types of school signboard, namely signboards showing names of place, signboards showing the condition of a particular place, and those saying proverbs. Dealing with the function, signboards having informative, suggestive, restrictive and mandatory functions are identified. The majority of the data resulting accurate and less acceptable translation is found in universal signboards, while culture-bound signboards tend to be rendered less accurate and less acceptable due to some factors that can be read thoroughly in this article.

Polysemy has always become a significant issue in interdisciplinary studies, mainly because particular words or phrases tend to have multiple meanings and the way to decide on the intended meanings involves cultural understanding that may be problematic for different groups of people. This paper divides the main research questions into two inquiries: (1) What is the meaning of the micro-unit polysemy in the science fiction film Arrival (2016)? and (2) What is the interpretation of the macro-level of polysemy in the film? The purpose of this research is to describe the interrelation between the polysemy in the film and the polysemy of the film. It is assumed that revealing the phenomena of polysemy found in the film helps to construct a better comprehension of the objective of the polysemy of the film. This has been done by implementing two stages of procedures in this research: (1) identifying the translation of the most significant polysemous words, phrases, clauses, and sentences found in the film by using meaning patterns and contextual patterns (Schmidt, 2008) and (2) discovering the three potential themes of polysemy of the film that include resistive reading, strategic ambiguity, and hermeneutic depth (Ceccarelli, 1998). The analysis shows that examining the phenomena of cognitive linguistic meanings from the 30 micro-unit polysemy to the rhetorical criticism of the polysemous text opens up multiple interpretive possibilities that may go unnoticed.

This study aims to find out the representation of the President of the United States of America, Donald Trump, through photojournalism which is used to support the news coverage of the president in the Indonesian online news media. It is reader-response research examining photography representation in the Indonesian online news media: okezone.com, tribunnews.com, and detik.com in 2017-2020 to view the media construction and readers’ perception. The respondents consisted of the students of English Department, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia were chosen to represent the digital native online news readers in Indonesia. In order to get the readers’ perception, they were asked to “read” 15 photos of President Trump, 12 of them were taken from news coverages of three online news media: okezonecom, tribunnews.com, and detik.com; whereas the other three photos were taken from the White House official website. The finding shows that Donald Trump tends to be portrayed differently with those used by the White House official website. Furthermore, readers are able to recognize the official presidential photos among the photojournalism. Despite their awareness of the photo selections by the media, each photojournalism used in the survey is perceived both negatively and positively by the readers. Keywords: Photojournalism, online media, media construction, reader-response, Donald Trump.

Chinese have their own language system to address other people in their society, and so have Javanese. The different forms of addressing terms are significant because it is the most vivid way to reveal the social relationship of the people in their society. The different ways of using address forms can be seen from various aspects, such as the use of names, titles, kinship terms, and personal pronouns. Meanwhile, the analysis of these varieties convey the issues of social distribution between the speakers, the addressee, and the culture as a whole. By presenting a comparison of address forms between Chinese and Javanese, this research would like to discover the varieties of address forms used in both cultures and the factors that may influence the choices they make. This research, however, does not only present the similarities and differences of address forms used in these two different cultures, but also the analysis of the aspects that may affect the decisions. The data used are collected from a combination of questionnaires and interviews, while the subject of this study is a diverse range of age of female and male Chinese in Taiwan and of Javanese in Java, Indonesia. The result of this research shows that the category of address forms shared by Chinese people is slightly different with the types of address forms used by Javanese people. However, address forms from both cultures of Chinese and Javanese reveal similar social distribution of power relations, solidarity that leads to intimacy, and formality. Moreover, the factors that influence the choices are varied from occupational status, gender, age, number of language, origins or living place, and the social status of both the speakers and addresses.