Abstract Bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in the environment (i.e., environmental microbiomes) provide vital ecosystem services and affect human health. Despite their importance, public awareness of environmental microbiomes has lagged behind that of human microbiomes. A key problem has been a scarcity of research demonstrating the microbial connections across environmental biomes (e.g., marine, soil) and between environmental and human microbiomes. We show in the present article, through analyses of almost 10,000 microbiome papers and three global data sets, that there are significant taxonomic similarities in microbial communities across biomes, but very little cross-biome research exists. This disconnect may be hindering advances in microbiome knowledge and translation. In this article, we highlight current and potential applications of environmental microbiome research and the benefits of an interdisciplinary, cross-biome approach. Microbiome scientists need to engage with each other, government, industry, and the public to ensure that research and applications proceed ethically, maximizing the potential benefits to society.

Electrolysed oxidising water (E.O. water) is produced by electrolysis of sodium chloride to yield primarily chlorine based oxidising products. At neutral pH this results in hypochlorous acid in the un-protonated form which has the greatest oxidising potential and ability to penetrate microbial cell walls to disrupt the cell membranes. E.O. water has been shown to be an effective method to reduce microbial contamination on food processing surfaces. The efficacy of E.O. water against pathogenic bacteria such as , and has also been extensively confirmed in growth studies of bacteria in culture where the sanitising agent can have direct contact with the bacteria. However it can only lower, but not eliminate, bacteria on processed seafoods. More research is required to understand and optimise the impacts of E.O. pre-treatment sanitation processes on subsequent microbial growth, shelf life, sensory and safety outcomes for packaged seafood products.

Limbah cangkang rajungan dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi kitosan yang dihasilkan dari proses deasetilasi kitin dengan basa kuat serta menggunakan suhu tinggi. Penggunaan suhu tinggi selama proses berisiko tinggi, sehingga produksi kitosan tanpa tahap pemanasan dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengurangi risiko kecelakaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memproduksi kitosan dari cangkang rajungan pada suhu ruang tanpa adanya pemanasan. Kitosan dibuat melalui tahapan- tahapan berikut yaitu deproteinasi, demineralisasi, dan deasetilasi. Proses pembuatan kitosan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan pada waktu yang berbeda dengan metode yang sama dan terukur. Kitosan yang dihasilkan kemudian dikarakterisasi. Kitosan yang dihasilkan memiliki warna putih kekuningan, berbentuk serpihan dan tidak berbau, dengan kadar air 11,25–12,93%, kadar abu 1,62–1,75%, kadar nitrogen 5,12–5,45%, kadar lemak 0,25–0,49%, viskositas 37,50–38,33 cPs, kelarutan 99,50–99,57% dan derajat deasetilasi 57,64%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kitosan dapat dibuat tanpa menggunakan proses pemanasan dan memenuhi standar mutu kitosan komersial kecuali nilai derajat deasetilasi rendah. Pembuatan kitosan tanpa pemanasan diharapkan dapat diterapkan pada miniplant rajungan sehingga dapat memberi nilai tambah untuk cangkang rajungan.

Biokeramik hidroksiapatit (HAp) adalah suatu komponen kimiawi sintetik dari turunan kalsium fosfat yang banyak digunakan untuk memperbaiki kerusakan jaringan keras. Salah satu bahan alami untuk membuat hidroksiapatit adalah cangkang kerang simping (Amusium pleuronectes), hasil samping dari usaha penangkapan kerang simping. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan sediaan HAp dari cangkang kerang simping dan mengkarakterisasi sediaan hidroksiapatit yang dihasilkan. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah persiapan tepung cangkang kerang, proses kalsinasi dengan perlakuan suhu (700, 800, dan 900°C) dan waktu (6; 4,5; dan 3 jam), serta sintesis HAp menggunakan amonium dihidrogen fosfat. Hasil HAp terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan suhu kalsinasi 800°C selama 4,5 jam dengan rendemen 75,20%. Gugus fungsi CO 3 2yang muncul mengindikasikan adanya vibrasi C-O dari gugus CO 3 dan gugus hidrogen fosfat (HPO 4 2-). Difraktogram HAp yang dihasilkan mendekati standar (HAp-S) dengan intensitas tinggi pada nilai 2θ: 25,88°; 31,75°; 32,18°; 32,88°; 34,05°; 39,77°; 46,61°; dan 49,97°. HAp yang dihasilkan memiliki unsur Ca dan P masing-masing 59,09 dan 40,91% dengan rasio Ca/P sebesar 1,44 dan diameter partikel rata-rata 396,88 nm. HAp ini memiliki morfologi berbentuk aglomerat dan tidak terdapat permukaan dengan tepi runcing dan tajam sehingga relatif aman untuk diaplikasikan pada jaringan lunak manusia.

The surimi industry in Indonesia, especially located on the North Coast Java, has an important role in boosting both regional and national economy. In the last 5 years, the surimi industry has been affected by the policy of prohibiting the use of destructive seine and trawl nets, known locally as cantrang. Most of the surimi industry in Indonesia use bycatches and discards of cantrang as raw material. On the other hand, the policy drives the opportunity to use the aquaculture fishes and non cantrang catches as a raw materials substitution of the surimi. Many laboratory scale observations have shown that aquaculture and small pelagic fish can be used as the raw material for surimi. However, the information around using several species of fish (multi-species) as raw material of surimi is not well provided. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to generate the recommendations regarding the use of multi-species fish as an alternative raw material for the surimi industry to replace the bycatches of cantrang. The information will allow industry both small and medium size to have a better option that suits their need to be able to fulfill the market demand.