This study aimed to determine the growth and production of katokkon chili plants (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) in the application of gibberellins and liquid organic fertilizer. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar from May to October 2017. The research was conducted in the form of a two-factors factorial experiment. The first factor was gibberellins consisted of four levels namely 0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 75 ppm, and the second factor was liquid organic fertilizer consisted of three levels of 25 ml L−1, 50 ml L−1 and 75 ml L−1 with three replications. Results of the study show that application of gibberellins on the local chili plant of katokkon interacted with liquid organic fertilizer improved the vegetative growth of the plant. Gibberellin also significantly affected the production parameters of the local chili plant. The fruit weight per plant and per hectare decreased with the increased of gibberellin dosages. No significant effect of the use of liquid organic fertilizer found, however, the treatment of 75 ml L−1 showed better results in several research parameters.

This study aims to study the effect of various concentration of biological fertilizers and NPK dosages on the growth and production of cayenne pepper. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, from January to April 2019. The study was set as a two-factor factorial experiment using a randomized block design. The first factor was the concentration of the biological fertilizers, consisted of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mL L−1 water. The second factor was the NPK fertilizer dosages, consisted of 0, 2, and 4 g per plant. The results show that the interaction between the application of 10 ml L−1 water of the biological fertilizer and NPK fertilizer dosage of 4 g per plant resulted in the highest number of productive branches (50.78 branches) and production (1.17 tons ha−1). Application of the biological fertilizer of 5 mL L−1 water and NPK fertilizer dosage of 2 g per plant at the age of 15 days after planting (DAP) tended to provide the highest average plant height (13.94 cm), but higher concentration and dosage of 10 mL L−1 water and 4 g per plant of bio-fertilizer and NPK, respectively, resulted in the highest plant at the 35 DAP (33.78 cm). The application of 2 g per plant NPK fertilizer gave the highest yield on the number of fruits per plant (68.00 fruits), and the weight of fruits per plant (64.14 g).

Abstract. Haerani N, Syam’un E, Rasyid B, Feranita. 2021. Isolation and characterization of N-fixing and IAA producing rhizobacteria from two rice field agro-ecosystems in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2497-2503. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in the rhizosphere are microorganisms that can increase N availability for rice plants in a non-symbiotic manner. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria also support growth through the production of growth hormones. These abilities are mainly influenced by the environment and their association with plants. This research aims to determine the microbial characteristics from two different rice fields agro-ecosystems (rainfed and irrigated) in South Sulawesi. Bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice in six districts were cultured and isolated using Burk's N-free media for screening purposes. A total of 20 isolates were observed for their morphological and biochemical properties, determined their ability to fix nitrogen and produce IAA. The results showed that all isolates could grow on nitrogen-free media, in which 13 isolates were isolated from rainfed rice fields, and 7 isolates were from irrigated rice fields with various physical and biochemical properties, all other qualities tested also varied. NG4 isolate from Gowa Regency (rainfed rice field) produced the highest nitrogen (0.157%), and NB13 isolate from Barru (rainfed rice field) had the highest concentration of growth hormone (IAA) (1,835 mg L-1). All isolates obtained from rainfed rice fields showed a better ability to fix nitrogen and produce growth hormone than those from irrigated rice fields. Bacteria isolates from rainfed rice fields have higher biofertilizers and biostimulant capacity to develop environmentally-friendly rice cultivation.

A study aimed to determine the effect of Trichoderma sp. and Streptomyces sp. on the growth and production of True Seed Shallots (TSS) was conducted from April to October 2018 at the Teaching Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi. The experiment was set using a Randomized Group Design (RBD) replicated three times. The first factor was the application of Trichoderma sp. which consisted of three levels, namely control; 2 g per plant; 4 g per plant, while the second factor was the application of Streptomyces sp. consisted of three levels, namely: control; 104 cfu L-1; 108 cfu L-1. The results show that the treatment of Trichoderma sp. at a dose of 4 g per plant resulted in better growth and production of shallots on the observed parameters ie. fresh weight of the bulbs per plot (686.60 g), dry weight of the bulbs per plot (532.48 g), production per plot (0.56 kg) and production per hectare (5.61 tons ha-1). No significant effect of Streptomyces sp. observed. Application of Trichoderma sp. and Streptomyces sp. on TSS tended to resulted in better growth and yield was the combination treatment of Trichoderma sp. 4 g per plant and Streptomyces sp. 104 cfu L-1 with an average production of 5.84 tons ha-1.

Abstract. Al-Amanah H, Sjahril R, Haring F, Riadi M, Larekeng SH. 2021. Mapping distribution of Capsicum annum var. chinense in Tana Toraja and surrounding districts (Indonesia) based on fruit morphology. Biodiversitas 23: 982-991. Katokkon pepper (Capsicum annum var. chinense) is one of the many Capsicum genetic resources still cultivated in small farms and home gardens in Tana Toraja, North Toraja, Enrekang and Mamasa districts of Indonesia. This study was conducted to identify genetic diversity of C. annum var. chinense pepper based on fruit characteristics as morphological markers in the endemic area. The study location was determined by purposive sampling. Morphological characterization was carried out by observing quantitative and qualitative characters. Results showed that C. annum var. chinense was widely distributed in the districts of Tana Toraja 47% (14 sub-districts, 17 villages), North Toraja 34% (11 sub-districts, 14 villages), Enrekang 12% (3 sub-districts, 5 villages), and Mamasa 7% (2 sub-districts, 6 villages). Cluster analysis based on quantitative characters of fruit morphology from 51 accessions led to 5 dendrogram clusters with 90% similarity level. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results had a cumulative diversity value of 75.913%. The color characteristic of fruit before ripening was light green, which turned red when mature. Cross-sections of the fruits were slightly corrugated. Fruits were pendant, and shapes were blocky. Fruit shape at pedicel attachment was truncated. Fruit shapes at the blossom end were blunt. In all the areas explored, only four common genotypes, i.e. Limbong Sangpolo or Local, Leatung 1, Leatung 2, and Jumbo were found.