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BackgroundCentral corneal thickness (CCT) has long been implicated to affect glaucoma predisposition. Several reports have identified that thinner CCT is a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma, and that CCT can be very variable between different ethnic groups. In this study, we aim to identify the relation between CCT and different glaucoma parameters in different types of glaucoma in an Arabian ethnicity.MethodsWe classified our participants into four main groups: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXFG), and a control group. We obtained demographics, intraocular pressure (IOP), cup to disc ratio (CDR), visual field mean deviation (MD) and pattern standard deviation (PSD), CCT, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness for each participant.ResultsWe included A total of 119 eyes with glaucoma, including POAG (54 eyes), PXFG (31 eyes) and PACG (34 eyes), we also included 57 control eyes. We found that PACG eyes have the thinnest CCT. Mean measurements of CCT for our groups were: 538.31 μm (SD = 36.30) in eyes with POAG, 544.45 μm (SD = 28.57) in eyes with PXFG, 506.91 μm (SD = 34.55) in eyes with PACG and 549.63 μm (SD = 42.9) in the control group. We found that CCT is significantly correlated with CDR (p = 0.012, r = − 0.231), MD (p < 0.001, r = 0.327),and RNFL thickness (p = .007, r = .283).ConclusionIn Arabian ethnicity, PACG patients have the thinnest CCT compared to other types of glaucoma, namely POAG and PXFG. We demonstrated that glaucomatous eyes with thinner corneas will probably have more advanced glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Our results emphasize the importance of taking ethnicity into account upon glaucoma management.

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Table 1. (continued) MACE Adjudicated event preferred term Baseline CV risk category (ASCVD risk score, %) a CV risk category prior to first MACE (ASCVD risk score, %) b Induction baseline age (years) and gender Day of onset c and predominant to facitinib dose d Smoking status and CV risk factors Prior and concomitant CV medication and LLA Induction baseline serum lipid concentrations (mg/dL) e Serum lipid concentrations at last recorded study time point (mg/dL) e Myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction Inter-mediate (17.9) Inter-mediate (17.9) 74 Male Day 142 g 5 mg BID Ex-smoker Medical history of hyperlipidemia, hypertension and deep vein thrombosis CV medication: acetylsalicylic acid and warfarin LLA: simvastatin TC: 161 HDL-c: 63 LDL-c: 71 TG: 134 TC: 172 HDL-c: 44 LDL-c: 96 TG: 159 CV death Aortic dissection Low (1.4) Low (1.4) 39 Male Day 31 f 10 mg BID Non-smoker Medical history of hyperlipidemia None reported TC: 309 HDL-c: 80 LDL-c: 189 TG: 194 Not assessed CV death Cardiac arrest Inter-mediate (15.2) High (25.7) 67 Male Day 1,725 h 10 mg BID Ex-smoker Medical history of dyslipidemia and pulmonary embolism

Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is a heterogeneous clinical entity associated with poor outcomes. Patients with CS primarily due to an acute valvular dysfunction (valvular cardiogenic shock; VCS) constitute a unique cohort who remain poorly defined. We sought to define the prevalence and underlying patient characteristics of patients with VCS. Methods: All patients admitted to Cleveland Clinic Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) between Jan 1 st , 2010, to Dec 31 st , 2021, with a diagnosis of CS were retrospectively identified through electronic medical records and confirmed via physician directed chart review. Patients with CS were subsequently categorized into those with VCS and non-VCS depending on the primary etiology responsible for CS. Characteristics of patients with VCS were analyzed to descriptively define this entity. Patients with mixed shock and those with incomplete variables were excluded. Results: Overall, 2754 patients were admitted to our CICU with CS of which 511 (18.6%) were determined to have VCS. The median age of patients with VCS was higher than those with non-VCS (70 yrs vs 64yrs, P<0.001). Patients with VCS were also more likely to be females (40.5% vs 31.8%, P<0.001), have higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (56.9% vs 48.5%, p=0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (26.4% vs 20%, p=0.002), and prior history of valve replacement or repair (29.7% vs 7.9%, p<0.001) (Table 1). Patients with VCS were also significantly less likely to have prior MI (19.4% vs 46.6%, p<0.001). The aortic valve was most commonly implicated; with more native valve dysfunction as compared to prosthetic valve dysfunction (73% vs 27%, p<0.001). (Figure 1). Conclusion: One in 5 patients admitted with CS has VCS with native valves and the aortic position being the common culprit. The availability and impact of emergent percutaneous structural-interventions on clinical outcomes in this population warrants investigation.