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Microgrids are considered a reliable option for its ability to work autonomously during the event of faults. With widespread blackout, microgrid itself may experience blackout and hence, fails to support the customers. For system operators, the selection of an appropriate black start unit and procedure is of utmost importance. A fast and reliable black start unit will reduce vulnerability in grid operation. This paper proposes a novel black start methodology for a microgrid where the appropriate Distributed Energy Resource (DER) is utilized as black start unit for the recovery at the planning phase. In order to validate the findings, the proposed methodology is implemented on an industrial microgrid. Results show that bottom-up restoration with solar photovoltaic systems having Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) can offer fast and faithful restoration in comparison to other DER units.

This paper proposes a method for restoring the nominal frequency and improving the system recovery time using battery energy storage system (BESS) for an islanded microgrid (MG) which is operated by a black start unit (BSU). The frequency stability is controlled by varying the apparent power (MVA) rating of the BESS after simultaneously connecting with the BSU during the post fault scenarios. Simulations are performed on the IEEE Std. 399-1997 test MG using DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Results show that the nominal frequency of the system can be retained by connecting the BESS during the transient period and increasing the MVA rating up to a maximum value. Simulation results also show that with a higher distributed connection of the BESS units over the system, the frequency recovery time can be reduced.

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