Revolutionary fabrication technologies such as three-dimensional (3D) printing to develop dental structures are expected to replace traditional methods due to their ability to establish constructs with the required mechanical properties and detailed structures. Three-dimensional printing, as an additive manufacturing approach, has the potential to rapidly fabricate complex dental prostheses by employing a bottom-up strategy in a layer-by-layer fashion. This new technology allows dentists to extend their degree of freedom in selecting, creating, and performing the required treatments. Three-dimensional printing has been narrowly employed in the fabrication of various kinds of prostheses and implants. There is still an on-demand production procedure that offers a reasonable method with superior efficiency to engineer multifaceted dental constructs. This review article aims to cover the most recent applications of 3D printing techniques in the manufacturing of dental prosthetics. More specifically, after describing various 3D printing techniques and their advantages/disadvantages, the applications of 3D printing in dental prostheses are elaborated in various examples in the literature. Different 3D printing techniques have the capability to use different materials, including thermoplastic polymers, ceramics, and metals with distinctive suitability for dental applications, which are discussed in this article. The relevant limitations and challenges that currently limit the efficacy of 3D printing in this field are also reviewed. This review article has employed five major scientific databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus, with appropriate keywords to find the most relevant literature in the subject of dental prostheses 3D printing.

Background. Stem cell-based treatment modalities have been potential strategies for tissue regenerationin many conditions. Several studies have evaluated the biologic properties of DPSCs and their efficacyin the treatment of a variety of diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the adhesionbehavior of DPSCs on different endodontic materials before and after setting. Methods. The crowns of the selected teeth were removed, and the root canals were prepared andobturated with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer. A retrograde cavity was prepared at root ends. Differentmaterials were placed in the cavities. Then the samples were attached to the wells with the use of achemical glue. Dental pulp stem cells were allowed to proliferate to reach a count of 2 million andtransferred to -12well plates in association with a culture medium. Finally, the samples attached to thewells were exposed to the stem cells immersed in the culture medium before and after setting. Thenadhesion of the stem cells was evaluated using SEM. Results. The SEM results showed cellular adhesion in the samples containing CEM cement both beforeand after setting. The samples containing MTA Angelus and ProRoot MTA exhibited cellular adhesionbefore setting, with no cellular adhesion after setting. The samples containing AH26 and MTA Fillapexsealers exhibited cellular adhesion after setting, with no adhesion before setting. The samples containingsimvastatin exhibited no cellular adhesion before setting; this material had dissolved in the culturemedium after setting evaluation. Conclusion. The results of the present study showed that of all the materials tested, CEM cement hadthe highest capacity for dental pulp stem cell adhesion.

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Objectives Elderly with psychological disorders are at risk of malnutrition. Investigating the nutritional status and identifying the effective factors among the preventive and control measures. This study aims to investigate the nutritional status and its relationship with health status and micronutrients level in older people with psychological disorders. Methods & Materials In this cross-sectional survey, 101 older people admitted to Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2018 participated. The data were collected after blood sampling and assessing body mass index (BMI) using a demographic form, the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool and a health status questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by the chi-square test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis in SPSS v. 21. Results Almost three-quarters of the participants had an abnormal nutritional status. The results showed that the nutritional status of participants had a significant relationship with dental health status, physical activity, the serum levels of vitamin D and vitamin B12, and BMI (P<0.05). After logistic analysis, vitamin B12 level (OR=1.007, 95% CI: 1.002-1.012), physical activity (OR=8.539, 95%CI: 1.142-63.85) and dental health status (OR=23.119, 95%CI:1.401-38.788) were reported as the predictors of nutritional status. It was reported that 95% of the elderly had vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion Most of the elderly with psychological disorders are at risk of malnutrition or have malnutrition. The identified predictors of malnutrition for this group are modifiable. Therefore, regular screening and nutritional management should be strengthened for their therapeutic interventions.