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To evaluate corneal thickness and volume in subclinical and clinical keratoconus in Asian population with the aim of discriminating between normal and ectatic cornea. Eyes were placed into one of the following three groups: normal, subclinical, and mild-moderate keratoconus. Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging (Oculus Inc., Wetzlar, Germany) was performed for each participant to record thinnest corneal thickness, central corneal thickness, corneal volume (CV), peripheral corneal thickness (PCT) and percentage thickness increase (PTI) at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm. The data were exported to SPSS for statistical analysis. Subjects comprised 52 normal, 15 subclinical keratoconus, and 32 mild-moderate clinical keratoconus eyes. Our results indicated that corneal thickness (CT) distribution, PTI, and CV in normal eyes were significantly different compared with subclinical and clinical keratoconus (P < .05). Overall, subclinical group exhibited lower CT distribution and volume, and higher PTI in comparison with normal eyes. However, they showed higher CT distribution and volume, and lower PTI compared with keratoconus group. In addition, there was a smaller change in PCT and PTI from the thinnest point of the cornea to the periphery. The results of the present study indicate that CT parameters and CV were significantly different in normal versus subclinical group and in normal versus keratoconus group. These findings could help clinicians to better discriminate between normal and ectatic cornea.

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To evaluate Pentacam-Scheimpflug imaging of anterior segment parameters in young Indian adults. In this prospective study 120 eyes of 60 normal Indian subjects with a mean age of 25.93 ± 6.58 years (range 17-39 years) were assessed by Pentacam. Main outcome measures were central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), apex corneal thickness (apex CT), peripheral corneal thickness at 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm from the thinnest point, location of the thinnest pachymetry, corneal volume (CV), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and anterior chamber angle (ACA). Independent samples t test, dependent samples t test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation test were used for statistical analysis. The mean CCT, TCT, Apex CT and CV were 544.95 ± 35.42, 542 ± 35.19, 545.43 ± 35.45 and 61.64 ± 4.17 μm, respectively. There was a gradual increase in CT from the thinnest point to the periphery. The mean ACD was 3.14 ± 0.33 mm, mean ACV was 177.77 ± 29.02 mm(3), and mean ACA was 39.36° ± 5.42°. There was no significant difference between CCT, TCT and Apex CT. A significant positive correlation was found between CCT and peripheral CT and also between anterior chamber parameters. TCT was mainly located in the inferotemporal and superotemporal zone. No significant difference was found in parameters between the right and left eyes and also between genders. This study provided information about a wide range of parameters in the anterior segment of healthy Indian eyes. These results could be helpful in assessment of patients with corneal diseases, glaucoma and screening for refractive surgeries.

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