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Background and Objective: Catheter Associated Urinary Tract infection (CAUTI) is one of the most prevalent hospital acquired infections which causes increased medical costs, hospital stay and mortality. Patients in critical care units are in a higher risk. The main purpose of the present study is the Identification of the effect of instruction and implementation of a preventive urinary tract infection bundle on the incidence of CAUTI. Materials and Methods: This was a before-after quasi-experimental study. 330 patients were included (185 patients in before and 145 in after the intervention). In both phases, the incidence of CAUTI, compliance with principles of CAUTI prevention, urinary catheter utilization and indications of catheter insertion were evaluated. CAUTI was identified based on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention/ National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC/NHSN) criteria with the online INICC software. Interventions included the instruction of the bundle to all health care workers in selected intensive care units and implementing interventions to improve facilities required for the implementation of the bundle. Results: No significant decrease was seen in the incidence of the CAUTI after the intervention (3.2 v/s 1.36 in 1000 catheter-day, p<0.388). The most prevalent indication for urinary catheter utilization in both phases, were critical monitoring of urine output (80.16% and 72.26%, respectively). Before the intervention, 1.6 % of catheterized cases were labeled inappropriate by the physicians. This increased significantly to 5.5% after intervention (P<0.001). Before the intervention, 37.5% of the catheters which were labeled inappropriate were removed which increased to 42/4% after the intervention insignificantly (P<0/709). From the 88 hours of compliance monitoring. The number of observed noncompliance cases before the intervention, which was 1941, decreased significantly after the intervention (P<.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that although instruction and implementation of the preventive bundle reduced CAUTI, this reduction was not significant. Future studies should be conducted with larger sample sizes and in longer periods. The most prevalent criterion for urinary catheter utilization was the need for critical monitoring of urine output. Instruction of the bundle reduced noncompliance with principles of urinary tract infection control.

Background: Heavy workload is one of the main problems of nurses working in intensive care units (ICUs). It not only decreases the quality and safety of patient care, but also increases human errors in health care, rate of hospitalization, and risk of mortality in patients. Workload evaluation and surveillance of patients enable authorities to allocate adequate staff to ICUs, leading to improved quality of patient care and treatment.

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Objective: Illness perception and self-care behaviors can result in higher levels of health behavior among hemodialysis patients. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between illness perception and self-care behaviors among hemodialysis patients who referred to the hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Method: In this descriptive cross sectional study, 216 hemodialysis patients who referred to the hemodialysis wards of the hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected via convenience sampling. The study data were collected using a demographic information form, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (9 items), and a 15-item Self-care Behavior of Hemodialysis Patients Questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using independent t test and one-way ANOVA. Also, significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 30.15+6.65 years. Also, most of the participants were female (n = 125, 58%). The results revealed a significant relationship between illness perception and self-care behaviors among hemodialysis patients. A significant relationship was observed between the following items: daily weight control and perception of consequences (r = 0.200, p = 0.001), between contacting the physician at the time of shortness of breath and consequences (r = 0.209, p = 0.001), between weight control according to the physician’s order and consequences (r = 0.763, p = 0.001), and between adherence to fluids restriction and identity(r = 0.149, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the relationship between illness perception and self-care, beliefs as illness perception have to be incorporated into self-care programs designed for hemodialysis patients so as to promote their self-care behaviors. These findings can be used for planning and implementing care for hemodialysis patients.