Unmanaged forests may exhibit a higher degree of biodiversity compared to managed forests. We examined and compared the stand structure, density, and volume of deadwood components of managed and unmanaged mixed forests of Trojan fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani [Asch. & Sint. ex Boiss] Coode & Cullen)-Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in northern Turkey. The single-tree selection method has been employed in the managed forests. Density of large live trees ha-1 , density of standing deadwood (SDW) ha-1 , and volume of lying deadwood (LDW) (m 3 ha-1) were calculated for both treatments (i.e. managed or unmanaged). Results showed that unmanaged forests had significantly higher density of large live trees and SDW compared to managed forests (P < 0.005). In addition, a lower amount of LDW was observed in the managed forests (P < 0.005). Our data suggest that the managed forests' lack of Scots pine trees in small-and middle-sized diameter classes indicates the potential risk of conversion of these mixed stands into pure Trojan fir forests. Initial results highlight the importance of large tree retention in managed stands to enhance biological diversity.

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Effects of canopy structure on growth and belowground/ aboveground biomass of seedlings in uneven-aged trojan fi r stands. CERNE, v. 24, n. 4, p. 312-322, 2018. HIGHLIGHTS The light transmitted through the canopy was the most signifi cant predictor of understory seedlings growth in uneven-aged Trojan fi r stands. Light reaching understory can accelerate the development of sub-canopy layers in unevenaged Trojan fi r stands. Complete canopy closure should be avoided even in stands of shade-tolerant species such as Trojan fi r.

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In this case study, change in sediment yield over a one year period was examined on paired watersheds (treated vs. reference) located in east Alabama. The effect of a partial cutting within a stream buffer zone (SBZ) on sediment yield was explored as well as the relative effects of pastoral, forested, and clearcut areas. During the no-harvest (calibration) period, upstream pastoral area generated much more sediment load per unit area than downstream forested sections during rainfall events. A partial cut within an SBZ changed the sediment pattern of downstream sections of the treatment watershed. On the treated sections, the observed sediment yield was higher than expected while there was no significant change in sediment yield from the pastoral area. Some of this increase was attributed to seasonal effects due to reduction in evapotranspiration. There was no change in the sediment yield pattern of the control watershed. The partial cut within the SBZ played a much more critical role than the stream road crossing as the sediment source. This study further shows that a holistic approach is needed to control sediment yield in mixed land use watersheds.