Dysphagia is a frequent problem in elderly population since it can cause aspiration that leads to more complications. It appears as one of major potential problemswhich cause disability in elderly. Degenerative process which causes changes in swallowing structures and physiology in healthy aging (presbyphagia)can affect the swallowing process and leads to dysphagia. Consequences of dysphagia vary from social isolation to life threatening conditionssuch as aspiration. Detecting presbyphagia is essential to prevent aspiration.

Adventitial bursitis in the plantar aspect of the first metatarsal heads is characterized by abrupt onset of localized deep and discomfort in the plantar aspect of the first metatarsal head aggravated by walking. Diagnosis of adventitial bursitis is difficult to be established based solely on clinical findings, conventional radiography does not allow diagnosis of soft-tissue disorders especially bursitis. Musculoskeletal ultrasound is a useful imaging modalities to support the clinical diagnosis of soft tissue disorders such as bursitis. To our knowledge, sonographic findings of adventitial bursitis have been rarely reported. Here we present a case report of a patient with pain in the plantar aspect of the left first metatarsal head.

Pendahuluan: Penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) merupakan masalah global yang kerap menimbulkan disabilitas. Disabilitas ditimbulkan bukan saja oleh efek PPOK pada paru, namun juga efek sistemiknya. Salah satu dampak sistemik PPOK adalah dampaknya pada otot rangka. Latihan penguatan merupakan salah satu metode rehabilitasi yang efektif dalam menjaga kapasitas fungsional pasien PPOK. Tulisan ini membahas aspek sistemik dan biomolekuler PPOK, latihan penguatan dan bagaimana latihan penguatan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas fungsional pasien PPOK.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee causes disability due to pain and will affect the functional ability to walk. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) has been shown to reduce pain in knee OA, while High Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) is able to reach deeper joint areas. Method: This study aimed to compare the effect differences between LLLT and HILT on pain and functional capacity in knee OA. Methods: This is a double-blind randomized controlled trial with 61 subjects randomized into LLLT (n=31) and HILT (n=30) groups. All the subjects were knee OA patient with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) ≥ 4. The laser therapy and exercise were given 3 times per week for 6 sessions. The pain scale evaluated using VAS and functional ability evaluated using 50-feet walk test. Result: After 6 sessions, both LLLT and HILT group showed reduced VAS score [∆VAS Score LLLT = 3 (2 – 4), HILT = 3 (2 – 5)] and increased walking speed (∆ walking speed for LLLT = 0.23 (0.02 – 1.24) m/s, HILT = 0.22 (0.08 – 0.7) m/s) which were statistically (p < 0.001) and clinically significant. HILT group had faster walking speed and greater VAS reduction compared to LLLT group (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in walking speed between two groups (p=0.655). Conclusion: HILT and LLLT combined with exercise were effective in reducing pain and increasing functional ability in knee OA after 6 sessions of intervention. Pain and functional ability improvement was faster and greater in HILT group than LLLT group.

Indonesia termasuk dalam 10 besar negara dengan kelahiran prematur tertinggi, yaitu pada urutan kelima, dengan jumlah kelahiran prematur sebesar 675.700. Angka tersebut setara dengan laju sebesar 15.5 per 100 kelahiran pertahunnya. Pada bayi prematur, dapat ditemukan berbagai masalah, salah satunya adalah masalah makan per oral. Masalah makan per oral pada bayi prematur disebabkan oleh sistem organnya yang belum matur, yaitu kardiopulmonal, sistem saraf pusat, otot-otot oral dan sebagainya. Penanganan yang tepat akan mencegah komplikasi lebih lanjut dan membantu bayi dalam tumbuh kembangnya yang optimal.