Aim: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to evaluate the ability of three NiTi rotary systems to maintain the original root canal anatomy. Methods: Sixty mesiobuccal canals of human mandibular first molars were divided into three groups with 20 root canals each. All teeth were scanned by CBCT before instrumentation. The images were captured digitally for further analysis using the Image Tools Software. The images were sectioned in three points, located at 9 mm, 6 mm and 3mm from the apex. In Group 1, the root canals were instrumented with ProTaper Universal™ rotary system; in Group 2, with Twisted File™ rotary system; and in Group 3, with M two ™ rotary system. Instrumented teeth were scanned again using CBCT and the images of the uninstrumented canals were compared with images of the instrumented canals. The results were statistically analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. A level of significance of 0.05 was adopted.
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