Arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) are anomalous communications between an artery and a vein, bypassing the capillary network. They can be subdivided on the basis of etiology into congenital and acquired fistulae. The latter may be caused by closed or penetrating traumas, or may be iatrogenic injuries. We report on a case of a young adult female gunshot wound victim treated with emergency laparotomy who developed asymmetrical edema of the lower limbs during the late postoperative period. Imaging exams showed the presence of a left internal iliac AVF, treated using endovascular surgery with placement of a covered stent, resulting in total occlusion of arteriovenous communication.Keywords: traumatic arteriovenous fistula; endovascular surgery; internal iliac artery. ResumoAs fístulas arteriovenosas (FAVs) são comunicações anômalas entre uma artéria e uma veia, sem envolvimento capilar. Segundo sua etiologia, podem ser divididas em congênitas e adquiridas, resultantes de traumas fechados ou penetrantes, e de lesões iatrogênicas. Relatamos o caso de mulher jovem, vítima de ferimento por arma de fogo, submetida à laparotomia de urgência, que evoluiu no pós-operatório tardio com edema assimétrico de membros inferiores. Os exames de imagem demonstraram a presença de fístula arteriovenosa ilíaca interna esquerda, tratada através de cirurgia endovascular com stent revestido, determinando a total oclusão da comunicação arterial e venosa.Palavras-chave: fístula arteriovenosa traumática; cirurgia endovascular; ilíaca interna.
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