Screening tests have been used to support a biochemical diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome (CS). Measurements of salivary cortisol offer facilities for studying out-patients. This study assessed salivary cortisol in screening for CS by evaluating hypercortisolism based on circadian rhythm and the overnight 1-mg dexamethasone (DEX) suppression test for out-patients. We evaluated 33 patients with CS. Thirty normal volunteers and 18 obese patients were used as controls. Salivary cortisol (nanograms per dL) levels (mean +/- SEM) were 596 +/- 44, 528 +/- 104, and 1205 +/- 118 (0900 h); 213 +/- 27, 325 +/- 76, and 778 +/- 74 (1700 h); and 95 +/- 8, 133 +/- 26, and 914 +/- 94 (2300 h) in normal controls, obese subjects, and CS patients, respectively. After the overnight 1-mg DEX test, they were 64 +/- 1.1, 107 +/- 25, and 1048 +/- 129, respectively. In the present series, a single out-patient 0900, 1700, and 2300 h measurement and an overnight 1-mg DEX salivary cortisol level above the 90th percentile of the control or obese group values had sensitivities of 65.6%, 81.8%, 100%, and 100% or 78.1%, 57.6%, 93.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. The sensitivity improved (100%) in response to the combination of 2300 h and overnight 1-mg DEX salivary cortisol suppression tests to differentiate between obese and CS subjects. Our data indicate that nighttime sample and overnight 1-mg DEX suppression salivary cortisol tests are sensitive markers for the diagnosis of CS. In addition, the combination of the two tests improves the ability to differentiate between obese and CS patients and may be useful for out-patient screening.
Avaliamos as concentrações de GH, IGF-1 e IGFBP-3 em 10 pacientes com acromegalia em atividade, antes e após tratamento com octreotida subcutânea (OCT-sc) e LAR (OCT-LAR). Verificamos o valor preditivo dos testes agudo e de curto prazo (após 21 dias) na resposta do GH e IGF-1. As avaliações de médio prazo foram realizadas após 6 meses de tratamento com cada formulação. Os valores de GH (µg/l; IFMA), nadir de GH no oGTT e IGF-1 (µg/l; IRMA) pré-tratamento foram 13,9±6,3; 11,4±6,3; 717±107, respectivamente. Os tratamentos de 21 dias com OCT-sc ou OCT-LAR reduziram os níveis de GH (2,9±1,1 e 4,4±1,2) e IGF-1 (491±80 e 512±80). Redução após 6 meses de tratamento foi similar com as duas formulações: GH basal (2,8±0,9 e 1,9±0,5), nadir GH-GTT (1,6±0,4 e 1,6±0,5) e IGF-1 (583±107 e 515±83). A IGFBP-3 não foi bom parâmetro para avaliação destes pacientes. O teste agudo não foi indicador da ocorrência de efeitos colaterais. Os testes, agudo e de curto prazo, foram capazes de predizer a resposta do GH ao tratamento crônico com a OCT-sc e OCT-LAR.
Casos de carcinomas mistos medular-papilar são raros e não foram classificados pela OMS. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 32 anos, com nódulo cervical há 4 anos, sem história familiar de doença nodular tireóidea ou de irradiação prévia. A citologia revelou neoplasia de célu-las de Hürthle e, após tireoidectomia total, o diagnóstico histológico foi de um carcinoma misto: medular-papilar com diferenciação oxifílica, apresentando arranjos papilares com eixos fibro-vasculares contendo predomínio de células de padrão oxifílico, tanto no nódulo como nos gânglios cervicais metastáticos. Notou-se, ainda, a presença de material amorfo de aspecto amilóide que corou positivamente para vermelho Congo, acompanhado de focos de calcificação, tanto no tumor primário quanto nas metástases. A tireoglobulina não foi imunorreativa em células da citologia, porém foi reativa em áreas dos cortes histológi-cos, tanto no nódulo tireóideo como nas metástases. A imunorreatividade à calcitonina foi predominante nas células da citologia, nos cortes histológicos do tumor primário e das metástases. Levanta-se a hipótese de que tais tumores surjam da transformação neoplásica de um único tipo celular. Recentemente, tem sido sugerido que do último corpo branquial do homem possam surgir ambas as células e que uma célula tronco poderia ser a precursora destas neoplasias. ABSTRACT ABSTRACTCases of mixed medullary-papillary carcinoma are rare and have not been classified by WHO. We report a 32yo patient who had a diagnosis on cytological analysis by fine needle biopsy as Hürthle cell neoplasm with probable metastases to cervical nodules, due to the presence of numerous isolated cells of an oxyphilic pattern. After total thyroidectomy, on histology, a mixed medullary-papillary carcinoma with oxyphilic differentiation was diagnosed based on the papillary arrangement with fibrovascular septa containing cells showing a predominant oxyphilic pattern, both in the thyroid nodule and in regional cervical lymph nodes. Amorphous material of amyloidal aspect, which stained positively for Congo red, accompanied by focal calcification, was observed, both in the primary tumors and in the metastases. Thyroglobulin was not immunostained in the cells obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy, but was immunostained in histology fields, both in the thyroid nodules and in the metastases. The immunoreaction for calcitonin was predominant on cytologic analysis and in the hystologic exam of the primary tumor and metastases. Dual differentiation in thyroid neoplasms has been interpreted as indicative of a common stem cell origin. It has been reported that the ultimobranchial body in man contributes both with C-cells and follicular cells to the thyroid. Thus, a common stem cell could give rise to such a mixed medullary-papillary neoplasm.
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