Several protocols have been proposed for in vitro propagation of papaya, either based on somatic embryogenesis or shoot organogenesis. It is well-known that tissue culture-based approaches are frequently associated with somaclonal variation. Whether on the one hand this phenomenon can preclude further stages of in vitro culture, on the other hand it can generate useful genetic variability for crop improvement. However, somaclonal variation analyses are limited in papaya tissue culture. The DNA ploidy level of 250 papaya somatic embryogenesis-derived plantlets from immature zygotic embryos was analyzed by flow cytometry. In vitrogrown and greenhouse seed-derived plantlets were used as diploid standards. Flow cytometry unambiguously evidenced euploid (diploid, mixoploid, triploid and tetraploid) and aneuploid papaya plantlets, indicating that in vitro culture conditions can lead the occurrence of somaclonal variation. Additionally, the two subsequent flow cytometry analyses showed that the DNA ploidy level remained stable in all cloned papaya plantlets during the successive subcultures in the multiplication medium.
This study evaluates whether using adhesive systems for modeling a composite affects the color and opacity changes caused by staining solutions followed by a bleaching procedure. The findings suggest that the use of a universal adhesive as modeling liquid can reduce the alterations in optical properties caused by staining solutions, and the application of high-concentrated hydrogen peroxide over the composite reduce the color changes without fully recover the initial color.
Few data concerning Carica papaya DNA content and chromosomal characterization have been reported in specialized bibliography. Considering this fact, flow cytometry and cytogenetic methodologies were applied in order to improve the knowledge about the genome size, base composition and karyotype of C. papaya hermaphroditic plants. Flow cytometry results showed that hermaphroditic C. papaya genome size is relatively small (2 C=0.65 pg) and the base composition (63.49% AT and 36.51% GC) is typical of core dicots. All mitotic cells showed 2n=18 chromosomes, which were classified in metacentric or submetacentric. Despite small and homomorphic chromosomes, it has been made possible to resolve karyogram of hermaphroditic C. papaya. Through classical and banding techniques, the secondary constriction was observed in association to the chromosome 1 centromere. Here, we propose flow cytometry and cytogenetic protocols for studying the C. papaya genome. These methodologies may be useful as a basis for molecular cytogenetic techniques application.
O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) caracteriza-se pelos déficits na comunicação, na linguagem e nos padrões de comportamentos restrito e repetitivo. A frequência de indivíduos diagnosticados com TEA tem aumentado no decorrer dos últimos anos, e consequentemente leva a uma maior demanda de pacientes nos consultórios odontológicos. Este aumento da demanda faz com que o profissional cirurgião dentista necessite de crtg5bonhecimento acerca das particularidades do paciente com TEA, comorbidades associadas e patologias orais mais comuns, para realizar uma conduta terapêutica eficaz e devolver saúde ao paciente. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a importância do tratamento odontológico no paciente com transtorno do espectro autista por meio da análise dos acometimentos bucais mais comuns nesses indivíduos, bem como dos desafios enfrentados pelo cirurgião-dentista frente a toda complexidade do TEA. Como metodologia para o estudo foi realizada busca por palavras-chave autismo, odontologia, saúde bucal e odontopediatria nas bases de dados Lilacs, Pubmed e Scielo. Conclusão: diante das inúmeras dificuldades encontradas pelos pais e cuidadores, os pacientes portadores do transtorno do espectro autista devem receber um tratamento interdisciplinar, onde o cirurgião-dentista pertencente a esta equipe deve transmitir a importância dos cuidados preventivos em relação as patologias bucais e as orientações quanto à dieta e higiene bucal, bem como o tratamento adequado.
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