Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined as a sustained intra-abdominal pressure > 20 mm Hg (> 3 kPa), with or without an abdominal perfusion pressure < 60 mm Hg (< 8 kPa), that is associated with new organ dysfunction or failure [1]. It leads to decreased organ perfusion, tissue ischemia, organ failure and death if not identified and adequately treated [2].Although the effects of elevated intra-abdominal pressure have been known since the late 19 th century [3], it was not until the early 1980s that the term ACS was first used by Kron et al. to describe the pathophysiology of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) secondary to aortic aneurysm surgery [4,5].

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